Skip to main content
Engineering LibreTexts

4: Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams

  • Page ID
    22383
  • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    • 4.1: PandID General Information
      Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) use specific symbols to show the connectivity of equipment, sensors, and valves in a control system. The following sections will outline general information about P&IDs that is necessary to to know before trying to draw one.
    • 4.2: Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Standard Notation
      Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) use specific symbols to show the connectivity of equipment, sensors, and valves in a control system. These symbols can represent actuators, sensors, and controllers and may be apparent in most, if not all, system diagrams. P&IDs provide more detail than a process flow diagram with the exception of the parameters, i.e. temperature, pressure, and flow values.
    • 4.3: Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams - Location of Controls and Standard Control Structures
      A Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a schematic layout of a plant that displays the units to be used, the pipes connecting these units, and the sensors and control valves. Standard structures located on a P&ID include storage tanks, surge tanks, pumps, heat exchangers, reactors, and distillation columns. The latter three comprise most of the chemical process industry single-unit control problems.
    • 4.4: Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams - Standard Pitfalls
      Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID) are standardized in many ways, and there are some fundamental safety features that are absolute requirements for all P&IDs. Unfortunately, many people forget these features in their designs unintentionally. Lacking these safety features could lead to serious engineering problems. It is important to eliminate these pitfalls when designing a P&ID. In the following sections, different pitfalls of P&IDs will be discussed.
    • 4.5: Safety Features in Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
      During the early stages of plant design it is critical to determine important safety features that remove potential hazards from effecting the facility environment. Regulations require that plant designers play a major role in minimizing the risks associated with these hazards. However, in order to do so, designers need to be aware of the hazards that exist during plant activity. The facility design team must develop a detailed drawing (P&IDs) including specifications of the plant process and en
    • 4.6: Regulatory Agencies and Compliance
      Regulatory agencies govern various sections of chemical plants from emissions and water treatment to personnel behaviors and company policy. Understanding of the types of organizations that demand high performance from chemical plants on a national and local level are extremely important for the safety of the employees, community and environment.


    This page titled 4: Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams is shared under a CC BY 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Peter Woolf et al. via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.