12.10: Nomenclature

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Blade angle

e₂, e₃, e₄	Acting point of cutting forces	-
F, F_h, F_v	Cutting force (general)	kN
g	Gravitation acceleration	m/s²
h_i	Initial layer thickness	m
h_b	Blade height	m
k_i	Initial permeability	m/s
k_max	Maximum permeability	m/s
K_{1, 2, 3, 4}	Grain force caused by grain stresses	kN
n_i	Initial pore percentage	%
n_max	Maximum pore percentage	%
N_{1, 2, 3, 4}	Normal force caused by grain stresses	kN
p_1m_{, 2m, 3m, 4m}	Average pore pressure on a surface	-
S_{1, 2, 3, 4}	Force caused by shear stresses	kN
v_c	Cutting velocity perpendicular on the blade edge	m/s
w	Width of the blade of blade element	m
W_{1, 2, 3, 4}	Pore pressure forces	kN
z	Water depth	m
α	Blade angle	rad
β	Shear angle	rad
θ	Wedge angle	rad
ε	Volume strain	%
φ	Internal friction angle	rad
δ, δ_e	External friction angle, mobilized effective external friction angle	rad
ρ_w	Water density	ton/m³
λ	Angle of internal friction between wedge and layer cut	rad