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5.2: Source Code to Slide Puzzle

  • Page ID
    13584
    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    This source code can be downloaded from http://invpy.com/slidepuzzle.py. If you get any error messages, look at the line number that is mentioned in the error message and check your code for any typos. You can also copy and paste your code into the web form at http://invpy.com/diff/slidepuzzle to see if the differences between your code and the code in the book.

    # Slide Puzzle
    # By Al Sweigart al@inventwithpython.com
    # http://inventwithpython.com/pygame
    # Released under a "Simplified BSD" license
    
    import pygame, sys, random
    from pygame.locals import *
    
    # Create the constants (go ahead and experiment with different values)
    BOARDWIDTH = 4  # number of columns in the board
    BOARDHEIGHT = 4 # number of rows in the board
    TILESIZE = 80
    WINDOWWIDTH = 640
    WINDOWHEIGHT = 480
    FPS = 30
    BLANK = None
    
    #                 R    G    B
    BLACK =         (  0,   0,   0)
    WHITE =         (255, 255, 255)
    BRIGHTBLUE =    (  0,  50, 255)
    DARKTURQUOISE = (  3,  54,  73)
    GREEN =         (  0, 204,   0)
    
    BGCOLOR = DARKTURQUOISE
    TILECOLOR = GREEN
    TEXTCOLOR = WHITE
    BORDERCOLOR = BRIGHTBLUE
    BASICFONTSIZE = 20
    
    BUTTONCOLOR = WHITE
    BUTTONTEXTCOLOR = BLACK
    MESSAGECOLOR = WHITE
    
    XMARGIN = int((WINDOWWIDTH - (TILESIZE * BOARDWIDTH + (BOARDWIDTH - 1))) / 2)
    YMARGIN = int((WINDOWHEIGHT - (TILESIZE * BOARDHEIGHT + (BOARDHEIGHT - 1))) / 2)
    
    UP = 'up'
    DOWN = 'down'
    LEFT = 'left'
    RIGHT = 'right'
    
    def main():
        global FPSCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF, BASICFONT, RESET_SURF, RESET_RECT, NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT, SOLVE_SURF, SOLVE_RECT
    
        pygame.init()
        FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
        DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT))
        pygame.display.set_caption('Slide Puzzle')
        BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', BASICFONTSIZE)
    
        # Store the option buttons and their rectangles in OPTIONS.
        RESET_SURF, RESET_RECT = makeText('Reset',    TEXTCOLOR, TILECOLOR, WINDOWWIDTH - 120, WINDOWHEIGHT - 90)
        NEW_SURF,   NEW_RECT   = makeText('New Game', TEXTCOLOR, TILECOLOR, WINDOWWIDTH - 120, WINDOWHEIGHT - 60)
        SOLVE_SURF, SOLVE_RECT = makeText('Solve',    TEXTCOLOR, TILECOLOR, WINDOWWIDTH - 120, WINDOWHEIGHT - 30)
    
        mainBoard, solutionSeq = generateNewPuzzle(80)
        SOLVEDBOARD = getStartingBoard() # a solved board is the same as the board in a start state.
        allMoves = [] # list of moves made from the solved configuration
    
        while True: # main game loop
            slideTo = None # the direction, if any, a tile should slide
            msg = 'Click tile or press arrow keys to slide.' # contains the message to show in the upper left corner.
            if mainBoard == SOLVEDBOARD:
                msg = 'Solved!'
    
            drawBoard(mainBoard, msg)
    
            checkForQuit()
            for event in pygame.event.get(): # event handling loop
                if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
                    spotx, spoty = getSpotClicked(mainBoard, event.pos[0], event.pos[1])
    
                    if (spotx, spoty) == (None, None):
                        # check if the user clicked on an option button
                        if RESET_RECT.collidepoint(event.pos):
                            resetAnimation(mainBoard, allMoves) # clicked on Reset button
                            allMoves = []
                        elif NEW_RECT.collidepoint(event.pos):
                            mainBoard, solutionSeq = generateNewPuzzle(80) # clicked on New Game button
                            allMoves = []
                        elif SOLVE_RECT.collidepoint(event.pos):
                            resetAnimation(mainBoard, solutionSeq + allMoves) # clicked on Solve button
                            allMoves = []
                    else:
                        # check if the clicked tile was next to the blank spot
    
                        blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(mainBoard)
                        if spotx == blankx + 1 and spoty == blanky:
                            slideTo = LEFT
                        elif spotx == blankx - 1 and spoty == blanky:
                            slideTo = RIGHT
                        elif spotx == blankx and spoty == blanky + 1:
                            slideTo = UP
                        elif spotx == blankx and spoty == blanky - 1:
                            slideTo = DOWN
    
                elif event.type == KEYUP:
                    # check if the user pressed a key to slide a tile
                    if event.key in (K_LEFT, K_a) and isValidMove(mainBoard, LEFT):
                        slideTo = LEFT
                    elif event.key in (K_RIGHT, K_d) and isValidMove(mainBoard, RIGHT):
                        slideTo = RIGHT
                    elif event.key in (K_UP, K_w) and isValidMove(mainBoard, UP):
                        slideTo = UP
                    elif event.key in (K_DOWN, K_s) and isValidMove(mainBoard, DOWN):
                        slideTo = DOWN
    
            if slideTo:
                slideAnimation(mainBoard, slideTo, 'Click tile or press arrow keys to slide.', 8) # show slide on screen
                makeMove(mainBoard, slideTo)
                allMoves.append(slideTo) # record the slide
            pygame.display.update()
            FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
    
    
    def terminate():
        pygame.quit()
        sys.exit()
    
    
    def checkForQuit():
        for event in pygame.event.get(QUIT): # get all the QUIT events
            terminate() # terminate if any QUIT events are present
        for event in pygame.event.get(KEYUP): # get all the KEYUP events
            if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
                terminate() # terminate if the KEYUP event was for the Esc key
            pygame.event.post(event) # put the other KEYUP event objects back
    
    
    def getStartingBoard():
        # Return a board data structure with tiles in the solved state.
        # For example, if BOARDWIDTH and BOARDHEIGHT are both 3, this function
        # returns [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, BLANK]]
        counter = 1
        board = []
        for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
            column = []
            for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
                column.append(counter)
                counter += BOARDWIDTH
            board.append(column)
            counter -= BOARDWIDTH * (BOARDHEIGHT - 1) + BOARDWIDTH - 1
    
        board[BOARDWIDTH-1][BOARDHEIGHT-1] = BLANK
        return board
    
    
    def getBlankPosition(board):
        # Return the x and y of board coordinates of the blank space.
        for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
            for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
                if board[x][y] == BLANK:
                    return (x, y)
    
    
    def makeMove(board, move):
        # This function does not check if the move is valid.
        blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board)
    
        if move == UP:
            board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx][blanky + 1] = board[blankx][blanky + 1], board[blankx][blanky]
        elif move == DOWN:
            board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx][blanky - 1] = board[blankx][blanky - 1], board[blankx][blanky]
        elif move == LEFT:
            board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx + 1][blanky] = board[blankx + 1][blanky], board[blankx][blanky]
        elif move == RIGHT:
            board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx - 1][blanky] = board[blankx - 1][blanky], board[blankx][blanky]
    
    
    def isValidMove(board, move):
        blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board)
        return (move == UP and blanky != len(board[0]) - 1) or \
               (move == DOWN and blanky != 0) or \
               (move == LEFT and blankx != len(board) - 1) or \
               (move == RIGHT and blankx != 0)
    
    
    def getRandomMove(board, lastMove=None):
        # start with a full list of all four moves
        validMoves = [UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT]
    
        # remove moves from the list as they are disqualified
        if lastMove == UP or not isValidMove(board, DOWN):
            validMoves.remove(DOWN)
        if lastMove == DOWN or not isValidMove(board, UP):
            validMoves.remove(UP)
        if lastMove == LEFT or not isValidMove(board, RIGHT):
            validMoves.remove(RIGHT)
        if lastMove == RIGHT or not isValidMove(board, LEFT):
            validMoves.remove(LEFT)
    
        # return a random move from the list of remaining moves
        return random.choice(validMoves)
    
    
    def getLeftTopOfTile(tileX, tileY):
        left = XMARGIN + (tileX * TILESIZE) + (tileX - 1)
        top = YMARGIN + (tileY * TILESIZE) + (tileY - 1)
        return (left, top)
    
    
    def getSpotClicked(board, x, y):
        # from the x & y pixel coordinates, get the x & y board coordinates
        for tileX in range(len(board)):
            for tileY in range(len(board[0])):
                left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(tileX, tileY)
                tileRect = pygame.Rect(left, top, TILESIZE, TILESIZE)
                if tileRect.collidepoint(x, y):
                    return (tileX, tileY)
        return (None, None)
    
    
    def drawTile(tilex, tiley, number, adjx=0, adjy=0):
        # draw a tile at board coordinates tilex and tiley, optionally a few
        # pixels over (determined by adjx and adjy)
        left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(tilex, tiley)
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, TILECOLOR, (left + adjx, top + adjy, TILESIZE, TILESIZE))
        textSurf = BASICFONT.render(str(number), True, TEXTCOLOR)
        textRect = textSurf.get_rect()
        textRect.center = left + int(TILESIZE / 2) + adjx, top + int(TILESIZE / 2) + adjy
        DISPLAYSURF.blit(textSurf, textRect)
    
    
    def makeText(text, color, bgcolor, top, left):
        # create the Surface and Rect objects for some text.
        textSurf = BASICFONT.render(text, True, color, bgcolor)
        textRect = textSurf.get_rect()
        textRect.topleft = (top, left)
        return (textSurf, textRect)
    
    
    def drawBoard(board, message):
        DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
        if message:
            textSurf, textRect = makeText(message, MESSAGECOLOR, BGCOLOR, 5, 5)
            DISPLAYSURF.blit(textSurf, textRect)
    
        for tilex in range(len(board)):
            for tiley in range(len(board[0])):
                if board[tilex][tiley]:
                    drawTile(tilex, tiley, board[tilex][tiley])
    
        left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(0, 0)
        width = BOARDWIDTH * TILESIZE
        height = BOARDHEIGHT * TILESIZE
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BORDERCOLOR, (left - 5, top - 5, width + 11, height + 11), 4)
    
        DISPLAYSURF.blit(RESET_SURF, RESET_RECT)
        DISPLAYSURF.blit(NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT)
        DISPLAYSURF.blit(SOLVE_SURF, SOLVE_RECT)
    
    
    def slideAnimation(board, direction, message, animationSpeed):
        # Note: This function does not check if the move is valid.
    
        blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board)
        if direction == UP:
            movex = blankx
            movey = blanky + 1
        elif direction == DOWN:
            movex = blankx
            movey = blanky - 1
        elif direction == LEFT:
            movex = blankx + 1
            movey = blanky
        elif direction == RIGHT:
            movex = blankx - 1
            movey = blanky
    
        # prepare the base surface
        drawBoard(board, message)
        baseSurf = DISPLAYSURF.copy()
        # draw a blank space over the moving tile on the baseSurf Surface.
        moveLeft, moveTop = getLeftTopOfTile(movex, movey)
        pygame.draw.rect(baseSurf, BGCOLOR, (moveLeft, moveTop, TILESIZE, TILESIZE))
    
        for i in range(0, TILESIZE, animationSpeed):
            # animate the tile sliding over
            checkForQuit()
            DISPLAYSURF.blit(baseSurf, (0, 0))
            if direction == UP:
                drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], 0, -i)
            if direction == DOWN:
                drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], 0, i)
            if direction == LEFT:
                drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], -i, 0)
            if direction == RIGHT:
                drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], i, 0)
    
            pygame.display.update()
            FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
    
    
    def generateNewPuzzle(numSlides):
        # From a starting configuration, make numSlides number of moves (and
        # animate these moves).
        sequence = []
        board = getStartingBoard()
        drawBoard(board, '')
        pygame.display.update()
        pygame.time.wait(500) # pause 500 milliseconds for effect
        lastMove = None
        for i in range(numSlides):
            move = getRandomMove(board, lastMove)
            slideAnimation(board, move, 'Generating new puzzle...', animationSpeed=int(TILESIZE / 3))
            makeMove(board, move)
            sequence.append(move)
            lastMove = move
        return (board, sequence)
    
    
    def resetAnimation(board, allMoves):
        # make all of the moves in allMoves in reverse.
        revAllMoves = allMoves[:] # gets a copy of the list
        revAllMoves.reverse()
    
        for move in revAllMoves:
            if move == UP:
                oppositeMove = DOWN
            elif move == DOWN:
                oppositeMove = UP
            elif move == RIGHT:
                oppositeMove = LEFT
            elif move == LEFT:
                oppositeMove = RIGHT
            slideAnimation(board, oppositeMove, '', animationSpeed=int(TILESIZE / 2))
            makeMove(board, oppositeMove)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()
    

    This page titled 5.2: Source Code to Slide Puzzle is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Al Sweigart via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.