11-B.2: rpm / yum How To
- Page ID
- 41936
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)EXAM OBJECTIVES COVERED
2.1 Given a scenario, conduct software installations, configurations, updates, and removals.
Using rpm & yum
The rpm Command
The rpm command is a free and open-source package management system. Though it was created for use in Red Hat Linux, rpm is now used in many Linux distributions such as Fedora, CentOS, OpenSUSE, OpenMandriva, and Oracle Linux.
Syntax:
rpm [ OPTIONS ] [ PACKAGE NAME ]
As always with Linux commands, rpm has an abundance of options that allow the user to run commands in a wide variety of output and formats.
Options:
| Options | Option Meaning |
|---|---|
| -U, --upgrade | Upgrade/install |
| -I, --install | Install |
| -e, --erase | Remove |
| -q, --query | Query |
| -V, --verify | Verify |
Using the rpm command one can install install, upgrade, query and remove software packages.
RPM: Install a Package
The most common command to install a package is:
rpm -Uhv package_file.rpm
This command upgrades a package with extra output. If the package has not been installed, this command installs the package.
RPM: Upgrading Software
Almost all installation steps use the rpm command with the –U option, short for upgrade. The basic syntax is:
pbmac@pbmac-server $ rpm -U package_name
For example:
pbmac@pbmac-server $ rpm –U jikes-1.16-1.i386.rpm
You can also use the --upgrade long option in place of -U .
Unless something goes wrong, you won’t see any response except for the shell prompt ready for your next command.
RPM: Check the Package Is Installed
Use the rpm –q command to query whether a package has been installed. To verify, you need to use the name of the installed package, not the name of the RPM file. You can also use a partial package name, such as jikes in this case. For example:
pbmac@pbmac-server $ rpm –q jikes
jikes-1.16-1
The response shows that the package named jikes-1.16-1 has been installed. This package name corresponds to the RPM file used in the preceding installation example.
The rpm -q command just asks the RPM database if the package has been installed. There may be other issues with the package that this command won’t show. For now, though, the rpm –q command verifies that the package has been installed.
There are a couple of options that are often found with the -q:
- -qa - Query all packages
- -qi - Display a lot of package information including description
- -qc - List configuration files
So, the command in the example below
pbmac@pbmac-server $ rpm –qc jikes
will show the configuration files for the jikes package.
The yum Command
yum: Checking For Updates
You can use the yum check-update command to see which installed packages on your system have updates available:
pbmac@pbmac-server $ yum check-update
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
PackageKit.x86_64 0.6.14-2.fc15 fedora
PackageKit-command-not-found.x86_64 0.6.14-2.fc15 fedora
PackageKit-device-rebind.x86_64 0.6.14-2.fc15 fedora
yum: Updating a Single Package
To update a single package, enter yum update package_name , for example:
pbmac@pbmac-server $ yum update gdb
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
Setting up Update Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gdb.x86_64 0:7.2.90.20110411-34.fc15 will be updated
---> Package gdb.x86_64 0:7.2.90.20110429-36.fc15 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Updating:
gdb x86_64 7.2.90.20110429-36.fc15 fedora 1.9 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Upgrade 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 1.9 M
Is this ok [y/N]:
yum: Updating All Packages and Their Dependencies
To update all packages and their dependencies, simply enter the yum update command (without any arguments):
pbmac@pbmac-server $ yum update
yum: Listing Packages
yum list and related commands provide information about packages, package groups, and repositories. Variations of the yum list command include:
| yum Command | Meaning |
|---|---|
| yum list all | Lists all installed and available packages. |
| yum list installed | Lists all packages installed on your system. The rightmost column in the output lists the repository from which the package was retrieved. |
| yum list available | Lists all available packages in all enabled repositories. |
| yum grouplist | Lists all package groups. |
| yum repolist | Lists the repository ID, name, and number of packages it provides for each enabled repository. |
yum: Display Package Information
The yum info package_name [ more_names ] command displays information about one or more packages (glob expressions are valid here as well). For example, to display information about the abrt package, type:
pbmac@pbmac-server $ yum info abrt
yum: Install Packages
You can install a package and all of its non-installed dependencies by entering:
pbmac@pbmac-server $ yum install package_name
You can install multiple packages simultaneously by appending their names as arguments:
pbmac@pbmac-server $ yum install package_name [ more_names ]
yum: Remove Packages
The yum remove package_name uninstalls (removes in RPM and Yum terminology) the package, as well as any packages that depend on it. As when you install multiple packages, you can remove several at once by adding more package names to the command. For example, to remove totem, rhythmbox, and sound-juicer, type the following at a shell prompt:
pbmac@pbmac-server $ yum remove totem rhythmbox sound-juicer
Adapted from:
"The evolution of package managers" by Steve Ovens, OpenSource.com is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
"Cap. 2. RPM Overview" by Ben Cotton is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
"Chapter 4. Yum" by Multiple Contributors, Fedora 15 Deployment Guide is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0