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19.8: Named tuples

  • Page ID
    42492
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    Many simple objects are basically collections of related values. For example, the Point object defined in Chapter 15 contains two numbers, x and y. When you define a class like this, you usually start with an init method and a str method:

    class Point:
    
        def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
            self.x = x
            self.y = y
    
        def __str__(self):
            return '(%g, %g)' % (self.x, self.y)
    

    This is a lot of code to convey a small amount of information. Python provides a more concise way to say the same thing:

    from collections import namedtuple
    Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
    

    The first argument is the name of the class you want to create. The second is a list of the attributes Point objects should have, as strings. The return value from namedtuple is a class object:

    >>> Point
    <class '__main__.Point'>
    

    Point automatically provides methods like __init__ and __str__ so you don’t have to write them.

    To create a Point object, you use the Point class as a function:

    >>> p = Point(1, 2)
    >>> p
    Point(x=1, y=2)
    

    The init method assigns the arguments to attributes using the names you provided. The str method prints a representation of the Point object and its attributes.

    You can access the elements of the named tuple by name:

    >>> p.x, p.y
    (1, 2)
    

    But you can also treat a named tuple as a tuple:

    >>> p[0], p[1]
    (1, 2)
    
    >>> x, y = p
    >>> x, y
    (1, 2)
    

    Named tuples provide a quick way to define simple classes. The drawback is that simple classes don’t always stay simple. You might decide later that you want to add methods to a named tuple. In that case, you could define a new class that inherits from the named tuple:

    class Pointier(Point):
        # add more methods here
    

    Or you could switch to a conventional class definition.


    This page titled 19.8: Named tuples is shared under a CC BY-NC 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Allen B. Downey (Green Tea Press) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.

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