1.6: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 118167
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- attribute
- characteristic or feature that defines an item in a dataset
- categorical data
- data that is represented in different forms and do not indicate measurable quantities
- cell
- a block or rectangle on a table that is specified with a combination of a row number and a column number
- comma-separated values (CSV)
- format of a dataset in which each item takes up a single line and its values are separated by commas (“,”)
- continuous data
- data whose value is chosen from an infinite set of numbers
- data
- anything that we can analyze to compile some high-level insights
- data analysis
- the process of examining and interpreting raw data to uncover patterns, discover meaningful insights, and make informed decisions
- data collection
- the systematic process of gathering information on variables of interest
- data preparation (data processing)
- the second step within the data science cycle; converts the collected data into an optimal form for analysis
- data reporting
- the presentation of data in a way that will best convey the information learned from data analysis
- data science
- a field of study that investigates how to collect, manage, and analyze data in order to retrieve meaningful information from some seemingly arbitrary data
- data science cycle
- a process used when investigating data
- data visualization
- the graphical representation of data to point out the patterns and trends involving the use of visual elements such as charts, graphs, and maps
- data warehousing
- the process of storing and managing large volumes of data from various sources in a central location for easier access and analysis by businesses
- DataFrame
- a data type that
Pandasuses to store a multi-column tabular data
- dataset
- a collection of related and organized information or data points grouped together for reference or analysis
- discrete data
- data that follows a specific precision
- Excel
- a spreadsheet program with a graphical user interface developed by Microsoft to help with the manipulation and analysis of data
- Extensible Markup Language (XML)
- format of a dataset with which uses tags
- Google Colaboratory (Colab)
- software for editing and running Jupyter Notebook files
- Google Sheets
- a spreadsheet program with a graphical user interface developed by Google to help with the manipulation and analysis of data
- information
- some high-level insights that are compiled from data
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- the network of multiple objects interacting with each other through the Internet
- item
- an element that makes up a dataset; also referred to as an entry and an instance
- JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
- format of a dataset that follows the syntax of the JavaScript programming language
- Jupyter Notebook
- a web-based document that helps users run Python programs more interactively
- nominal data
- data whose values do not include any ordering notion
- numeric data
- data that are represented in numbers and indicate measurable quantities
- ordinal data
- data whose values include an ordering notion
- Pandas
- a Python library specialized for data manipulation and analysis
- predictive analytics
- statistical techniques, algorithms, and machine learning that analyze historical data and make predictions about future events, an approach often used in medicine to offer more accurate diagnosis and treatment
- programming language
- a formal language that consists of a set of instructions or commands used to communicate with a computer and instruct it to perform specific tasks
- Python
- a programming language that has extensive libraries and is commonly used for data analysis
- qualitative data
- non-numerical data that generally describe subjective attributes or characteristics and are analyzed using methods such as thematic analysis or content analysis
- quantitative data
- data that can be measured by specific quantities and amounts and are often analyzed using statistical methods
- R
- an open-source programming language that is specifically designed for statistical computing and graphics
- recommendation system
- a system that makes data-driven, personalized suggestions for users
- sabermetrics
- a statistical approach to sports team management
- sports analytics
- use of data and business analytics in sports
- spreadsheet program
- a software application consisting of electronic worksheets with rows and columns where data can be entered, manipulated, and calculated
- structured data
- dataset whose individual items have the same structure
- unstructured data
- dataset whose individual items have different structures
- XML tag
- any block of text that consists of a pair of angle brackets (< >) with some text inside