11.1: Introduction to Microwave Modules

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Most microwave design uses modules such amplifiers, integrated circuits (ICs), filters, frequency multipliers, and passive components to create systems. Economics necessitate that since modules are expensive to design that they be developed for multiple applications. In system design modules are chosen for their dynamic range, noise performance, DC power consumption, and cost. Foremost the system designer must have knowledge of available modules and be prepared to design a module itself if this results in competitive performance or better manages cost. Modules are interconnected by transmission lines, and bias settings and matching networks must be designed. The system frequency plan must be developed that trades-off cost and performance while minimizing interference. This chapter begins with examples of module usage and then develops metrics that characterize microwave modules. These include characterizations of nonlinear distortion, noise, and dynamic range.