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14.4: Types of binary trees

  • Page ID
    34706
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    We also need to discuss the various types of binary trees. Again - there is some math that is discussed below, and we will not delve into it. If you have questions about it feel free to ask.

    Following are common types of Binary Trees.

    Full Binary Tree A Binary Tree is full if every node has 0 or 2 children. Following are examples of a full binary tree. We can also say a full binary tree is a binary tree in which all nodes except leaves have two children.

     

                   18
               /       \  
             15         30  
            /  \        /  \
          40    50    100   40
    
                 18
               /    \   
             15     20    
            /  \       
          40    50   
        /   \
       30   50
    
                   18
                /     \  
              40       30  
                       /  \
                     100   40
    

     

     

    In a Full Binary, number of leaf nodes is number of internal nodes plus 1
           L = I + 1
    Where L = Number of leaf nodes, I = Number of internal nodes
    See Handshaking Lemma and Tree for proof.



    Complete Binary Tree: A Binary Tree is complete Binary Tree if all levels are completely filled except possibly the last level and the last level has all keys as left as possible

    Following are examples of Complete Binary Trees

                   18
               /       \  
             15         30  
            /  \        /  \
          40    50    100   40
    
    
                   18
               /       \  
             15         30  
            /  \        /  \
          40    50    100   40
         /  \   /
        8   7  9 
    

    Practical example of Complete Binary Tree is Binary Heap.



    Perfect Binary Tree A Binary tree is Perfect Binary Tree in which all internal nodes have two children and all leaves are at the same level.
    Following are examples of Perfect Binary Trees.

                   18
               /       \  
             15         30  
            /  \        /  \
          40    50    100   40
    
    
                   18
               /       \  
             15         30  
    

    A Perfect Binary Tree of height h (where height is the number of nodes on the path from the root to leaf) has 2h – 1 node.

    Example of a Perfect binary tree is ancestors in the family. Keep a person at root, parents as children, parents of parents as their children.



    Balanced Binary Tree
    A binary tree is balanced if the height of the tree is O(Log n) where n is the number of nodes. For Example, AVL tree maintains O(Log n) height by making sure that the difference between heights of left and right subtrees is at most 1. Red-Black trees maintain O(Log n) height by making sure that the number of Black nodes on every root to leaf paths are same and there are no adjacent red nodes. Balanced Binary Search trees are performance wise good as they provide O(log n) time for search, insert and delete.



    A degenerate (or pathological) tree A Tree where every internal node has one child. Such trees are performance-wise same as linked list.

          10
          /
        20
         \
         30
          \
          40     
    

    Source:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_tree#Types_of_binary_trees

    "Binary Tree | Set 3 (Types of Binary Tree)" by Shivam Kumar is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0


    This page titled 14.4: Types of binary trees is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Patrick McClanahan.

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