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5.4: Filenames and Paths

  • Page ID
    15442
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    Files are organized into directories (also called “folders”). Every running program has a “current directory,” which is the default directory for most operations. For example, when you open a file for reading, Python looks for it in the current directory.

    The os module provides functions for working with files and directories (“os” stands for “operating system”). os.getcwd returns the name of the current directory:

    >>> import os
    >>> cwd = os.getcwd()
    >>> print cwd
    /home/dinsdale
    

    cwd stands for “current working directory.” The result in this example is /home/dinsdale, which is the home directory of a user named dinsdale.

    A string like cwd that identifies a file is called a path. A relative path starts from the current directory; an absolute path starts from the topmost directory in the file system.

    The paths we have seen so far are simple filenames, so they are relative to the current directory. To find the absolute path to a file, you can use os.path.abspath:

    >>> os.path.abspath('memo.txt')
    '/home/dinsdale/memo.txt'
    

    os.path.exists checks whether a file or directory exists:

    >>> os.path.exists('memo.txt')
    True
    

    If it exists, os.path.isdir checks whether it’s a directory:

    >>> os.path.isdir('memo.txt')
    False
    >>> os.path.isdir('music')
    True
    

    Similarly, os.path.isfile checks whether it’s a file.

    os.listdir returns a list of the files (and other directories) in the given directory:

    >>> os.listdir(cwd)
    ['music', 'photos', 'memo.txt']
    

    To demonstrate these functions, the following example “walks” through a directory, prints the names of all the files, and calls itself recursively on all the directories.

    def walk(dirname):
        for name in os.listdir(dirname):
            path = os.path.join(dirname, name)
    
            if os.path.isfile(path):
                print path
            else:
                walk(path)
    

    os.path.join takes a directory and a file name and joins them into a complete path.

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)

    The os module provides a function called walk that is similar to this one but more versatile. Read the documentation and use it to print the names of the files in a given directory and its subdirectories.

    Solution:

    http://thinkpython.com/code/walk.py


    This page titled 5.4: Filenames and Paths is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Allen B. Downey (Green Tea Press) .

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