This text is aimed at undergraduate civil engineering students, though the material may provide a useful review for practitioners and graduate students in transportation. Often this is the first engin...This text is aimed at undergraduate civil engineering students, though the material may provide a useful review for practitioners and graduate students in transportation. Often this is the first engineering course students take, which requires a switch in thinking from simply solving given problems to formulating the problem mathematically before solving it, i.e. from straight-forward calculation often found in undergraduate Calculus to vaguer word problems more reflective of the real world.