Glossary

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Jul 18, 2022
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- Python for Everybody: Exploring Data Using Python 3 (Severance)

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Glossary Entries
Word(s)	Definition	Image	Caption	Link	Source
-	Minus; subtraction operator
*	Scalar and matrix multiplication operator
*	Array multiplication operator
^	Scalar and matrix exponentiation operator
+	Plus; addition operator
_	Quote sign and transpose operator
-	solid
--	dashed
-.	dash dotted
,	Comma; separates statements and elements in a row
;	Semicolon; separates columns and suppresses display
;	Suppresses screen printing
:	Colon; generates regularly spaced elements and represents an entire row or column
:	dotted
.	Decimal point
.	point
._	Nonconjugated transpose operator
…	Ellipsis; line-continuation operator
.^	Array exponentiation operator
( )	Parentheses; encloses function arguments and array indices; overrides precedence
[ ]	Brackets; enclosures array elements
*	star
/	Right-division operator
/	Array right-division operator
\	Left-division operator
\	Array left-division operator
\n	Insert a new line in the output string
\t	Insert a tab in the output string
&	Logical operator: AND
%	Percent sign; designates a comment and specifies formatting
%d	Format as an integer
%e	Format as a floating point value in scientific notation
%f	Format as a floating point value
%g	Format in the most compact form: %f or %e
%s	Format as a string
^	triangle (up)
+	plus
<	triangle (left)
<	Relational operator: less than
<=	Relational operator: less than or equal to
=	Assignment (replacement) operator
==	Relational operator: equal to
>	triangle (right)
>	Relational operator: greater than
>=	Relational operator: greater than or equal to
\|	Logical operator: OR
~	Logical operator: NOT
~=	Relational operator: not equal to
abs(x)	Absolute value; \|x\|
acos(x)	Inverse cosine; arcos x = cos –1 (x)
acosh(x)	Inverse hyperbolic cosine; cosh –1 (x)
acot(x)	Inverse cotangent; arccot x = cot –1(x)
acoth(x)	Inverse hyperbolic cotangent; coth –1 (x)
acsc(x)	Inverse cosecant; arcs x = csc –1 (x)
acsch(x)	Inverse hyperbolic cosecant; csch –1 (x)
all	True if all elements are nonzero
angle(x)	Angle of a complex number x
ans	Most recent answer
any	True if any elements are nonzero
asec(x)	Inverse secant; arcsec x = sec –1 (x)
asech(x)	Inverse hyperbolic secant; sech –1 (x)
asin(x)	Inverse sine; arcsin x = sin –1 (x)
asinh(x)	Inverse hyperbolic sine; sinh –1 (x)
atan(x)	Inverse tangent; arctan x = tan –1 (x)
atan2(y,x)	Four-quadrant inverse tangent
atanh(x)	Inverse hyperbolic tangent; tanh –1 (x)
axes	Creates axes objects
axis	Sets axis limits
b	blue
bar	Creates bar chart
bar	Creates a bar chart
break	Terminates execution of a loop
c	cyan
case	Provides alternate execution paths within switch structure
cat	Concatenates arrays
cd	Changes current directory
ceil	Rounds to the nearest integer toward •
cell	Creates cell array
celldisp	Displays cell array
cellplot	Displays graphical representation of cell array
char	Creates character string array
class	Returns the class of an expression
clc	Clears Command window
clear	Removes variables from memory
clock	Current date and time as date vector
close	Closes the current plot
close all	Closes all plots
collect	Collects coefficients of like powers in an expression
conj(x)	Complex conjugate of x
contour	Creates contour plot
conv	Computes product of two polynomials
cos(x)	Cosine; cos(x)
cosh(x)	Hyperbolic cosine; cosh(x)
cot(x)	Cotangent; cot(x)
coth(x)	Hyperbolic cotangent; cosh(x)/sinh(x)
cputime	CPU time in seconds
cross	Computes cross products
csc(x)	Cosecant; csc(x)
csch(x)	Hyperbolic cosecant; 1/sinh(x)
d	diamond
date	Displays current date
deal	Matches input and output lists
deconv	Computes ratio of polynomials
delete	Deletes a file
det	Computes determinant of an array
det	Returns the determinant of a matrix
diary	Switches on/off diary file recording
diff	Returns the derivative of an expression
diff(x)	Computes the difference between adjacent elements in the vector x
digits	Sets the number of decimal digits used to do variable precision arithmetic
dir	Lists all files in current directory
Dirac	Dirac delta function (unit impulse)
disp	Displays contents of an array or string
dot	Computes dot products
double	Converts an expression to numeric form
dsolve	Returns a symbolic solution of a differential equation or set of equations
eig	Computes the eigenvalues of a matrix
eig	Returns the eigenvalues (characteristic roots) of a matrix
else	Delineates alternate block of statements
elseif	Conditionally executes statements
end	Terminates for, while, and if statements
eps	Accuracy of floating-point precision
erf(x)	Computes the error function erf (x)
error	Display error messages
eval	Interpret strings containing Matlab expressions
exist	Checks for existence of file or variable
exp(x)	Exponential; ex
expand	Expands an expression by carrying out jpowers
eye	Creates an identity matrix
ezplot	Generates a plot of a symbolic expression
factor	Factors an expression
feval	Function evaluation
fieldnames	Returns field names in a structure array
figure	Opens a new figure window
find	Finds indices of nonzero elements
find	Finds indices of nonzero elements
findstr	Finds occurrences of a string
findsym	Finds the symbolic variables in a symbolic expression
finite	True if elements are finite
fix	Rounds to the nearest integer toward zero
floor	Rounds to the nearest integer toward - •
fmin	Finds minimum of single-variable function
fmins	Finds minimum of multivariable function
for	Repeats statements a specific number of times
format	Controls screen-display format
format +	Positive, negative, or zero
format bank	Two decimal digits
format compact	Suppresses some line feeds
format long	16 decimal digits
format long e	16 digits plus exponents
format loose	Resets to less compact display mode
format rat	Rational approximation
format short	Four decimal digits (default)
format short e	Five digits plus exponent
fplot	Intelligent plotting of functions
fprintf	Performs formatted writes to screen or file
fscanf	Read formatted data from a file
function	Creates a user-defined function M-file
fzero	Finds zero of single-variable function
g	green
gensig	Generates a periodic sine, square, or pulse input
getfield	Returns field contents of a structure array
global	Declares variables to be global
global	Define global variables
grid	Displays gridlines
gtext	Enables label placement by mouse
h	hexagram
Heaviside	Heaviside function (unit step)
help	Searches for a help topic
hist	Aggregates the data into equally spaced bins
histc	Aggregates the data into unequally spaced bins
hold	Freezes current plot
i,j	The imaginary unit −1
if	Executes statements conditionally
ilaplace	Returns the inverse Laplace transform
imag(x)	Imaginary part of a complex number x
Inf	Infinity
input	Displays prompts and waits for input
int	Returns the integral of an expression
interp1	Linear and cubic-spline interpolations of a function of one variable
interp2	Linear interpolation of a function of two variables
inv	Computes inverse of a matrix
inv	Returns the inverse of a matrix
iscell	Identifies cell array
isempty	True if matrix is empty
isfield	Identifies a structure array field
isinf	True if elements are infinite
isnan	True if elements are undefined
isreal	True if all elements are real
isstruct	Identifies a structure array
k	black
laplace	Returns the Laplace transform
legend	Legend placement by mouse
length	Computers number of elements
limit	Returns the limit of an expression
linspace	Creates regularly spaced vector
load	Loads workspace variables from a file
log(x)	Natural logarithm; ln(x)
log10(x)	Common (base 10) logarithm; log(x)= log10(x)
loglog	Creates log-log plot
logspace	Creates logarithmically spaced vector
lookfor	Searches help entries for a keyword
m	magenta
max	Returns largest element
mean	Calculates the average
median	Calculates the median
mesh	Creates three-dimensional mesh surface plot
meshc	Same as mesh with contour plot underneath
meshgrid	Creates rectangular grid
meshz	Same as mesh with vertical lines underneath
min	Returns smallest element
NaN	Undefined numerical result (not a number)
nargin	Number of function input arguments
nargout	Number of function output arguments
num2cell	Converts numeric array to cell array
numden	Returns the numerator and denominator of an expression
o	circle
ode113	Nonstiff, variable-order solver
ode15s	Stiff, variable-order solver
ode23	Nonstiff, low-order solver
ode23b	Stiff, low-order solver
ode23s	Stiff, low-order
ode23t	Moderately stiff, trapezoidal rule solver
ode45	Nonstiff, medium-order solver
odeset	Creates integrator options structure for ODE solvers
ones	Creates an array of ones
otherwise	Default part of switch statement
p	pentagram
path	Displays search path
pi	The number π
pinv	Computes pseudoinverse of a matrix
plot	Generates xy plot
plot3	Creates three-dimensional plots from lines and points
polar	Creates polar plot
poly	Computes polynomial from roots
poly	Returns the characteristic polynomial of a matrix
poly2sym	Converts a polynomial coefficient vector to a symbolic polynomial
polyder	Differentiates a polynomial, a polynomial product, or a polynomial quotient
polyfit	Fits a polynomial to data
polyval	Evaluates polynomial and generates error estimates
pretty	Displays an expression in a form that resembles typeset mathematics
print	Prints plot or saves plot to a file
prod	Product of each column
pwd	Displays current directory
quad	Numerical integration with adaptive Simpson’s rule
quadl	Numerical integration with adaptive Lobatto quadrature
quit	Stops MATLAB
r	red
rand	Generates uniformly distributed random numbers between 0 and 1
randn	Generates normally distributed random numbers
rank	Computes rank of a matrix
real(x)	Real part of a complex number x
refresh	Redraws current figure window
reshape	Change size
return	Return to the invoking function
rmfield	Removes a field from a structure array
roots	Computes polynomial roots
round	Rounds towards the nearest integer
rref	Computes reduced row echelon form
Sample Word 1	Sample Definition 1
save	Saves workspace variables in a file
sawtooth	Generates a periodic sawtooth input
script	Script M-files
sec(x)	Secant; sec(x)
sech(x)	Hyperbolic secant; 1/cosh(x)
semilogx	Creates semilog plot (logarithmic abscissa)
semilogy	Creates semilog plot (logarithmic ordinate)
set	Specifies properties of objects such as axes
setfield	Sets contents of field
sign	Signum function
simple	Searches for the shortest form of an expression
simplify	Simplifies an expression using Maple’s simplification rules
sin(x)	Sine; sin(x)
sinh(x)	Hyperbolic sine; sinh(x)
size	Computes array size
solve	Solves symbolic equations
sort	Sorts each column
spline	Cubic-spline interpolation
sqrt(x)	Square root; x
square	Generates a square wave input
stairs	Creates stairs pot
std	Calculates the standard deviation
stem	Creates stem plot
stepfun	Generates a step function input
strcmp	Compares strings
struct	Creates structure array
subplot	Creates plots in subwindows
subs	Substitutes variables or expressions
sum	Sums each column
surf	Creates shaded three-dimensional mesh surface plot
surfc	Same as surf with contour plot underneath
switch	Directs program execution by comparing point with case expressions
sym	Creates a symbolic variable
sym2poly	Converts an expression to a polynomial coefficient vector
syms	Creates one or more symbolic variables
symsum	Returns the symbolic summation of an expression
tan(x)	Tangent; tan(x)
tanh(x)	Hyperbolic tangent; sinh(x)/cosh(x)
taylor	Returns the Taylor series of a function
text	Places string in figure
tic, toc	Start, stop a stopwatch timer
title	Puts text at top of plot
trapz	Numerical integration with the trapezoidal rule
type	Displays contents of a file
unmkpp	Computes the coefficients of cubic-spine polynomials
v	triangle (down)
vpa	Sets the number of digits used to evaluate expressions
w	white
warning	Display a warning message
waterfall	Same as mesh with mesh lines in one direction
what	Lists all MATLAB files in the current directory
while	Repeats statements an indefinite number of times
who	Lists current variables
whos	Lists current variables (long display)
wklread	Reads .wk1 spreadsheet file
x	x-mark
xlabel	Adds text label to x-axis
xor	Logical operator: EXCLUSIVE OR
y	yellow
ylabel	Adds text label to y-axis
zeros	Creates an array of zeros
zlabel	Adds text label to z-axis

| Comma; separates statements and elements in a row

% | Percent sign; designates a comment and specifies formatting

%d | Format as an integer

%e | Format as a floating point value in scientific notation

%f | Format as a floating point value

%g | Format in the most compact form: %f or %e

%s | Format as a string

& | Logical operator: AND

> | triangle (right)

> | Relational operator: greater than

>= | Relational operator: greater than or equal to

< | triangle (left)

< | Relational operator: less than

<= | Relational operator: less than or equal to

( ) | Parentheses; encloses function arguments and array indices; overrides precedence

* | Scalar and matrix multiplication operator

* | Array multiplication operator

* | star

+ | Plus; addition operator

+ | plus

- | Minus; subtraction operator

- | solid

-- | dashed

-. | dash dotted

. | Decimal point

. | point

.^ | Array exponentiation operator

._ | Nonconjugated transpose operator

/ | Right-division operator

/ | Array right-division operator

: | Colon; generates regularly spaced elements and represents an entire row or column

: | dotted

; | Semicolon; separates columns and suppresses display

; | Suppresses screen printing

= | Assignment (replacement) operator

== | Relational operator: equal to

[ ] | Brackets; enclosures array elements

\ | Left-division operator

\ | Array left-division operator

\n | Insert a new line in the output string

\t | Insert a tab in the output string

^ | Scalar and matrix exponentiation operator

^ | triangle (up)

_ | Quote sign and transpose operator

abs(x) | Absolute value; |x|

acos(x) | Inverse cosine; arcos x = cos –1 (x)

acosh(x) | Inverse hyperbolic cosine; cosh –1 (x)

acot(x) | Inverse cotangent; arccot x = cot –1(x)

acoth(x) | Inverse hyperbolic cotangent; coth –1 (x)

acsc(x) | Inverse cosecant; arcs x = csc –1 (x)

acsch(x) | Inverse hyperbolic cosecant; csch –1 (x)

all | True if all elements are nonzero

angle(x) | Angle of a complex number x

ans | Most recent answer

any | True if any elements are nonzero

asec(x) | Inverse secant; arcsec x = sec –1 (x)

asech(x) | Inverse hyperbolic secant; sech –1 (x)

asin(x) | Inverse sine; arcsin x = sin –1 (x)

asinh(x) | Inverse hyperbolic sine; sinh –1 (x)

atan(x) | Inverse tangent; arctan x = tan –1 (x)

atan2(y | Four-quadrant inverse tangent

atanh(x) | Inverse hyperbolic tangent; tanh –1 (x)

axes | Creates axes objects

axis | Sets axis limits

b | blue

bar | Creates bar chart

bar | Creates a bar chart

break | Terminates execution of a loop

c | cyan

case | Provides alternate execution paths within switch structure

cat | Concatenates arrays

cd | Changes current directory

ceil | Rounds to the nearest integer toward •

cell | Creates cell array

celldisp | Displays cell array

cellplot | Displays graphical representation of cell array

char | Creates character string array

class | Returns the class of an expression

clc | Clears Command window

clear | Removes variables from memory

clock | Current date and time as date vector

close | Closes the current plot

close all | Closes all plots

collect | Collects coefficients of like powers in an expression

conj(x) | Complex conjugate of x

contour | Creates contour plot

conv | Computes product of two polynomials

cos(x) | Cosine; cos(x)

cosh(x) | Hyperbolic cosine; cosh(x)

cot(x) | Cotangent; cot(x)

coth(x) | Hyperbolic cotangent; cosh(x)/sinh(x)

cputime | CPU time in seconds

cross | Computes cross products

csc(x) | Cosecant; csc(x)

csch(x) | Hyperbolic cosecant; 1/sinh(x)

d | diamond

date | Displays current date

deal | Matches input and output lists

deconv | Computes ratio of polynomials

delete | Deletes a file

det | Computes determinant of an array

det | Returns the determinant of a matrix

diary | Switches on/off diary file recording

diff | Returns the derivative of an expression

diff(x) | Computes the difference between adjacent elements in the vector x

digits | Sets the number of decimal digits used to do variable precision arithmetic

dir | Lists all files in current directory

Dirac | Dirac delta function (unit impulse)

disp | Displays contents of an array or string

dot | Computes dot products

double | Converts an expression to numeric form

dsolve | Returns a symbolic solution of a differential equation or set of equations

eig | Computes the eigenvalues of a matrix

eig | Returns the eigenvalues (characteristic roots) of a matrix

else | Delineates alternate block of statements

elseif | Conditionally executes statements

end | Terminates for, while, and if statements

eps | Accuracy of floating-point precision

erf(x) | Computes the error function erf (x)

error | Display error messages

eval | Interpret strings containing Matlab expressions

exist | Checks for existence of file or variable

exp(x) | Exponential; ex

expand | Expands an expression by carrying out jpowers

eye | Creates an identity matrix

ezplot | Generates a plot of a symbolic expression

factor | Factors an expression

feval | Function evaluation

fieldnames | Returns field names in a structure array

figure | Opens a new figure window

find | Finds indices of nonzero elements

findstr | Finds occurrences of a string

findsym | Finds the symbolic variables in a symbolic expression

finite | True if elements are finite

fix | Rounds to the nearest integer toward zero

floor | Rounds to the nearest integer toward - •

fmin | Finds minimum of single-variable function

fmins | Finds minimum of multivariable function

for | Repeats statements a specific number of times

format | Controls screen-display format

format + | Positive, negative, or zero

format bank | Two decimal digits

format compact | Suppresses some line feeds

format long | 16 decimal digits

format long e | 16 digits plus exponents

format loose | Resets to less compact display mode

format rat | Rational approximation

format short | Four decimal digits (default)

format short e | Five digits plus exponent

fplot | Intelligent plotting of functions

fprintf | Performs formatted writes to screen or file

fscanf | Read formatted data from a file

function | Creates a user-defined function M-file

fzero | Finds zero of single-variable function

g | green

gensig | Generates a periodic sine, square, or pulse input

getfield | Returns field contents of a structure array

global | Declares variables to be global

global | Define global variables

grid | Displays gridlines

gtext | Enables label placement by mouse

h | hexagram

Heaviside | Heaviside function (unit step)

help | Searches for a help topic

hist | Aggregates the data into equally spaced bins

histc | Aggregates the data into unequally spaced bins

hold | Freezes current plot

i | The imaginary unit −1

if | Executes statements conditionally

ilaplace | Returns the inverse Laplace transform

imag(x) | Imaginary part of a complex number x

Inf | Infinity

input | Displays prompts and waits for input

int | Returns the integral of an expression

interp1 | Linear and cubic-spline interpolations of a function of one variable

interp2 | Linear interpolation of a function of two variables

inv | Computes inverse of a matrix

inv | Returns the inverse of a matrix

iscell | Identifies cell array

isempty | True if matrix is empty

isfield | Identifies a structure array field

isinf | True if elements are infinite

isnan | True if elements are undefined

isreal | True if all elements are real

isstruct | Identifies a structure array

k | black

laplace | Returns the Laplace transform

legend | Legend placement by mouse

length | Computers number of elements

limit | Returns the limit of an expression

linspace | Creates regularly spaced vector

load | Loads workspace variables from a file

log(x) | Natural logarithm; ln(x)

log10(x) | Common (base 10) logarithm; log(x)= log10(x)

loglog | Creates log-log plot

logspace | Creates logarithmically spaced vector

lookfor | Searches help entries for a keyword

m | magenta

max | Returns largest element

mean | Calculates the average

median | Calculates the median

mesh | Creates three-dimensional mesh surface plot

meshc | Same as mesh with contour plot underneath

meshgrid | Creates rectangular grid

meshz | Same as mesh with vertical lines underneath

min | Returns smallest element

NaN | Undefined numerical result (not a number)

nargin | Number of function input arguments

nargout | Number of function output arguments

num2cell | Converts numeric array to cell array

numden | Returns the numerator and denominator of an expression

o | circle

ode113 | Nonstiff, variable-order solver

ode15s | Stiff, variable-order solver

ode23 | Nonstiff, low-order solver

ode23b | Stiff, low-order solver

ode23s | Stiff, low-order

ode23t | Moderately stiff, trapezoidal rule solver

ode45 | Nonstiff, medium-order solver

odeset | Creates integrator options structure for ODE solvers

ones | Creates an array of ones

otherwise | Default part of switch statement

p | pentagram

path | Displays search path

pi | The number π

pinv | Computes pseudoinverse of a matrix

plot | Generates xy plot

plot3 | Creates three-dimensional plots from lines and points

polar | Creates polar plot

poly | Computes polynomial from roots

poly | Returns the characteristic polynomial of a matrix

poly2sym | Converts a polynomial coefficient vector to a symbolic polynomial

polyder | Differentiates a polynomial, a polynomial product, or a polynomial quotient

polyfit | Fits a polynomial to data

polyval | Evaluates polynomial and generates error estimates

pretty | Displays an expression in a form that resembles typeset mathematics

print | Prints plot or saves plot to a file

prod | Product of each column

pwd | Displays current directory

quad | Numerical integration with adaptive Simpson’s rule

quadl | Numerical integration with adaptive Lobatto quadrature

quit | Stops MATLAB

r | red

rand | Generates uniformly distributed random numbers between 0 and 1

randn | Generates normally distributed random numbers

rank | Computes rank of a matrix

real(x) | Real part of a complex number x

refresh | Redraws current figure window

reshape | Change size

return | Return to the invoking function

rmfield | Removes a field from a structure array

roots | Computes polynomial roots

round | Rounds towards the nearest integer

rref | Computes reduced row echelon form

Sample Word 1 | Sample Definition 1

save | Saves workspace variables in a file

sawtooth | Generates a periodic sawtooth input

script | Script M-files

sec(x) | Secant; sec(x)

sech(x) | Hyperbolic secant; 1/cosh(x)

semilogx | Creates semilog plot (logarithmic abscissa)

semilogy | Creates semilog plot (logarithmic ordinate)

set | Specifies properties of objects such as axes

setfield | Sets contents of field

sign | Signum function

simple | Searches for the shortest form of an expression

simplify | Simplifies an expression using Maple’s simplification rules

sin(x) | Sine; sin(x)

sinh(x) | Hyperbolic sine; sinh(x)

size | Computes array size

solve | Solves symbolic equations

sort | Sorts each column

spline | Cubic-spline interpolation

sqrt(x) | Square root; x

square | Generates a square wave input

stairs | Creates stairs pot

std | Calculates the standard deviation

stem | Creates stem plot

stepfun | Generates a step function input

strcmp | Compares strings

struct | Creates structure array

subplot | Creates plots in subwindows

subs | Substitutes variables or expressions

sum | Sums each column

surf | Creates shaded three-dimensional mesh surface plot

surfc | Same as surf with contour plot underneath

switch | Directs program execution by comparing point with case expressions

sym | Creates a symbolic variable

sym2poly | Converts an expression to a polynomial coefficient vector

syms | Creates one or more symbolic variables

symsum | Returns the symbolic summation of an expression

tan(x) | Tangent; tan(x)

tanh(x) | Hyperbolic tangent; sinh(x)/cosh(x)

taylor | Returns the Taylor series of a function

text | Places string in figure

tic | Start, stop a stopwatch timer

title | Puts text at top of plot

trapz | Numerical integration with the trapezoidal rule

type | Displays contents of a file

unmkpp | Computes the coefficients of cubic-spine polynomials

v | triangle (down)

vpa | Sets the number of digits used to evaluate expressions

w | white

warning | Display a warning message

waterfall | Same as mesh with mesh lines in one direction

what | Lists all MATLAB files in the current directory

while | Repeats statements an indefinite number of times

who | Lists current variables

whos | Lists current variables (long display)

wklread | Reads .wk1 spreadsheet file

x | x-mark

xlabel | Adds text label to x-axis

xor | Logical operator: EXCLUSIVE OR

y | yellow

ylabel | Adds text label to y-axis

zeros | Creates an array of zeros

zlabel | Adds text label to z-axis

| | Logical operator: OR

~ | Logical operator: NOT

~= | Relational operator: not equal to

… | Ellipsis; line-continuation operator

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