05-C.6.5: Working with Files and Directories - ls/rmidir/mkdir Command
- Page ID
- 32209
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)The ls Command
The ls command lists files on a Linux system. It's a simple command. The ls command is a basic command in Linux but is used extensively to look at file and directory information. The command has a plethora of arguments and features and most users barely scratch the surface of the depth of this command. By this point in the course you should be comfortable using the ls command in the lab environment.
Syntax
ls [ PTION ] [FILE]
Command Options
| Options | Option Meaning |
|---|---|
| -a, --all | Do not ignore entries starting with . (a period). |
| -f | Do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color. |
| -i, --inode | Print the index number of each file. |
| -l | Use a long listing format. |
| -r, --reverse | Reverse order while sorting. |
| -R, --recursive | List subdirectories recursively. |
The mkdir Command
The mkdir command creates directories. This command can create multiple directories at once as well as set the permissions for the directories. It is important to note that the user executing this command must have enough permissions to create a directory in the parent directory.
Syntax:
mkdir [ OPTIONS ] [directories ...]
Command Options
| Option | Option Meaning |
|---|---|
| -m, --mode=MODE | Set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask . |
The mkdir has only a couple of options, and only one that is used with any regularity - that is the -m option.
pbmac@ubuntu $ mkdir one pbmac@ubuntu $ ls -ld one drwxrwxr-x 2 pbmac pbmac 4096 Jul 15 16:39 one pbmac@ubuntu $ mkdir -m a=rwx two pbmac@ubuntu $ ls -ld two drwxrwxrwx 2 pbmac pbmac 4096 Jul 15 16:39 two pbmac@ubuntu $ mkdir -m a=r three pbmac@ubuntu $ ls -ld three dr--r--r-- 2 pbmac pbmac 4096 Jul 15 16:39 three pbmac@ubuntu $ mkdir -m u=r,g=w,o=x four pbmac@ubuntu $ ls -l total 16 dr---w---x 2 pbmac pbmac 4096 Jul 15 16:41 four drwxrwxr-x 2 pbmac pbmac 4096 Jul 15 16:39 one dr--r--r-- 2 pbmac pbmac 4096 Jul 15 16:39 three drwxrwxrwx 2 pbmac pbmac 4096 Jul 15 16:39 two pbmac@ubuntu $
In the example to the above:
- Using mkdir with no permission settings, using system defaults.
- Second mkdir, specify a=rwx - the a means ALL get rwx permissions.
- Third mkdir specify a=r - ALL get read permission.
- Fourth mkdir has u=r,g=w,o=x - this is USER gets read, GROUP gets write, and OTHER gets execute.
mkdir can set permissions other than the default permissions, which can be useful at times.
The rmdir Command
The rmdir command is used remove empty directories from the filesystem. The rmdir command removes each directory specified in the command line, but only if the directory is empty. Directories that have sub-directories or files within them will not be removed.
Syntax:
rmdir [options...] [directories ...]
rmdir has options that are the same as mkdir shown above.
Adapted from:
"mkdir command in Linux with Examples" by rossoskull, Geeks for Geeks is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
"rmdir command in Linux With Examples" by rahulkumarmandal, Geeks for Geeks is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0