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4.E: Description Logics (Exercises)

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    Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)

    How are DLs typically different from full FOL?

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{2}\)

    What are the components of a DL knowledge base?

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{3}\)

    What are (in the context of DLs) the concept and role constructors? You may list them for either \(\mathcal{ALC}\) or \(\mathcal{SROIQ}\).

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{4}\)

    What distinguishes one DL from another? That is, e.g., \(\mathcal{ALC}\) is different from \(\mathcal{SROIQ}\) and from \(\mathcal{EL}\); what is the commonality of those differences?

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{5}\)

    Explain in your own words what the following \(\mathcal{ALC}\) reasoning tasks involve and why they are important for reasoning with ontologies:

    a. Instance checking.

    b. Subsumption checking.

    c. Checking for concept satisfiability.

    Exercise \(\PageIndex{6}\)

    Consider the following TBox \(\mathcal{T}\):

    \(\texttt{Vegan}\equiv\texttt{Person}\sqcap\forall\texttt{eats.Plant}\)

    \(\texttt{Vegetarian}\equiv\texttt{Person}\sqcap\forall\texttt{eats.(Plant}\sqcup\texttt{Dairy)}\)

    We want to know if \(\mathcal{T}\vdash Vegan\sqsubseteq Vegetarian\).

    This we convert to a constraint system \(S=\{ (Vegan\sqcap\neg Vegetarian)(a)\}\), which is unfolded (here: complex concepts on the left-hand side are replaced with their properties declared on the right-hand side) into:

    \[S=\{ Person\sqcap\forall eats.Plant\sqcap\neg (Person\sqcap\forall eats.(Plant\sqcup Dairy))(a)\}\]

    Tasks:

    a. Rewrite Eq. 3.4.1 into negation normal form

    b. Enter the tableau by applying the rules until either you find a completion or only clashes.

    c. \(\mathcal{T}\vdash Vegan\sqsubseteq Vegetarian\)?

    Answer

    (a) Rewrite (Eq. 3.4.1) into negation normal form:

    \(Person\sqcap\forall eats.Plant\sqcap (\neg Person\sqcup\neg\forall eats.(Plant\sqcup Dairy))\)

    \(Person\sqcap\forall eats.Plant\sqcap (\neg Person\sqcup\exists\neg eats.(Plant\sqcup Dairy))\)

    \(Person\sqcap\forall eats.Plant\sqcap (\neg Person\sqcup\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy))\)

    So our initial ABox is:

    \(S=\{ (Person\sqcap\forall eats.Plant\sqcap (\neg Person\sqcup\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy)))(a)\}\)

    (b) Enter the tableau by applying the rules until either you find a completion or only clashes.

    (\(\sqcap\)-rule): \(\{ Person(a),\forall eats.Plant(a),(\neg Person\sqcup\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy))(a)\}\)

    (\(\sqcup\)-rule): (i.e., it generates two branches)

    (1) \(\{ Person(a),\forall eats.Plant(a),(\neg Person\sqcup\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy))(a),\neg Person(a)\}\) \(¡\)clash \(!\)

    (2) \(\{ Person(a),\forall eats.Plant(a),(\neg Person\sqcup\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy))(a),\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy)(a)\}\)

    \((\exists\)-rule): \(\{ Person(a),\forall eats.Plant(a),(\neg Person\sqcup\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy))(a),\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy)(a), eats(a, b),(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy)(b)\}\)

    (\(\sqcap\)-rule): \(\{ Person(a),\forall eats.Plant(a),(\neg Person\sqcup\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy))(a),\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy)(a), eats(a, b),(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy)(b),\neg Plant(b),\neg Dairy(b)\}\)

    (\(\forall\)-rule): \(\{ Person(a),\forall eats.Plant(a),(\neg Person\sqcup\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy))(a),\exists eats.(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy)(a), eats(a, b),(\neg Plant\sqcap\neg Dairy)(b),\neg Plant(b),\neg Dairy(b), Plant(b)\}\)

    \(¡\)clash\(!\)

    (c) \(\mathcal{T}\vdash Vegan\sqsubseteq Vegetarian\)? yes

    This page titled 4.E: Description Logics (Exercises) was last modified on Tue, 01 Dec 2020 03:49:38 GMT and is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Maria Keet via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.