Chapter 02: Engineers are Professionals

 

Figure 2.1: You will be doing lots of writing as a professional.

 

One of the most important things to learn early in your journey as an engineer is that engineers are professionals as engineering is considered a profession. A profession is distinctive from other career choices in that it requires specific educational requirements, has a path to licensure, has clients as opposed to customers, and is responsible for societal well-being. Other professions include (but are not limited to) teachers, chemists, accountants, lawyers, surgeons, registered nurses, architects, professors, etc. All of these are positions where people rely on the expertise of these individuals and put their trust into their educational background. Therefore, it is important as an engineer to remember that you are a professional and people put their trust in your results, calculations, and what you communicate. Often, people's lives are in your hands. It is also worth being aware that there are many skilled jobs that do not require a college degree and pay well. Examples include plumbers, electricians, truck drivers, power plant operators, farmers, and real estate agents.

When we are talking about engineering as a career, the reality is that it is a professional career path governed by unspoken cultures, expectations, and rules of conduct that you are likely unfamiliar with. Some of the content in this chapter may be surprising to you, and other parts may just seem like common sense. The goal of this chapter is to get you up to speed on what it means to be a professional and how to conduct yourself as a professional to maximize your success in your future workplace.

I acknowledge that this chapter contains a ton of “no duh” information. However, in my almost decade of experience as a higher education professional, I think taking some time to review this is necessary and will prove to be helpful.

 

Learning Goals

In this chapter, you will learn several important skills that are critical to your success in a professional setting:

• Why it is important to act professionally.
• How to conduct yourself as a professional and how to talk to other professionals (including your professors).
• The power of humility and what it means to be respectful.
• Taking responsibility and pride in your work.
• How to say thank you and how to apologize.
• What is business casual.
• How to write an email and why it is important.

 

Why is this important?

Why is dedicating a whole chapter to things that seem like common sense important? Because…

 

I want to make sure that you can get a job and be successful in that job.

 

People say they are going to college for various reasons but the reality is that everyone comes to college to get a job. That is OK and doesn't mean learning isn't fun or important.

Universities like to say things like they “are making you global citizens” or “well-rounded lifelong learners” but for most students, they simply see college as a path to a career where they can be successful and make money. I do not blame you! That is a great reason to attend college! Although none of you are professional engineers yet, you will be an engineer soon (with a little bit of studying, help, and perseverance). It is important to learn how to conduct yourself, what your future colleagues will expect from you, and what you should expect from your future colleagues. It is important so that you can get a job and be successful in that job. It is also important to begin to use what you learn in this chapter right away, both towards your professors and your fellow classmates.

 

Discussion 2.1: Why is this important?

 

It’s Not What You Know, It’s Who You Know

You may have heard this cliché before. A lot of clichés are clichés because there is some truth in them. First, it is important to note that technical competence and ability is by far the most important factor when it comes to your professional success. If you can’t do the job, you won’t get the job. This section is not insinuating that it isn’t important to study and learn. The question is: how can you distinguish yourself from a crowded field of graduates? You will be graduating with and competing against thousands of other people that have the exact same qualifications as you do. How do you get a job?

 

Figure 2.2: It is important to start building your network now.

 

You cultivate relationships. It is important that you act professionally and cultivate relationships with everyone you come into contact with at a University. Everyone is italicized for emphasis because I mean everyone at the University. From the President of your University to the administrative assistants in your department, all your professors, your classmates, the academic advisers, the janitorial staff… everyone.

I could fill a whole chapter on anecdotes that show this is true but you probably already have a gut feeling that this is true. This may be the most common sense piece of advice in this entire book that I have noticed most students not taking to heart.

Why is it important to treat everyone professionally and how does that help you get a job? Let’s list out a decidedly non-comprehensive list of ways people can help you:

• Your current classmates might be your future co-workers or even bosses. If they like and respect you, they might hire you or suggest you for hire by their boss.

• Your professors likely have contacts and friends in industry but they will not stake their professional reputation on a student they don’t believe in. By treating your professors with respect and working hard in their classes, they will be more likely to recommend you.

• Your academic adviser usually gets solicited by companies looking for students for prestigious internships and experiences. In my experience, they do not pick the A students randomly, they pick the students they like and who treated them professionally.

The list goes on and on but the common thread through all of it, is acting professionally and courteously can go a long way in helping you get a job. You need to realize that hiring is risky and scary and people are always looking for a known quantity over an unknown one. If you can get a recommendation from a professor, or other University official, it will go a long way. If you slack off in your classes, argue with your professors, and treat the University support staff disrespectfully, you will have a much harder time getting a job.

 

Discussion 2.2: What is your story?

 

How To Communicate Professionally and Courteously

This is easy because you already know how, you just sometimes choose not to communicate professionally. Here is what I mean. Imagine that you have the opportunity to meet your personal hero. It can be whoever you respect the most, admire the most, whatever. How would you talk to them? How would you address them?

 

Figure 2.3: Who is your knight in shining armor?

 

My guess is that you would address them by their professional title (Mister, Misses, Doctor, Professor, Mr. President, Sir, etc.), that you would be polite in your choice of words, that you would be humble (more on that later), and that you would defer to their expertise. This is exactly how you act professionally and how you should treat everyone you come into contact with at a University.

Here is a handy checklist for how to conduct yourself professionally:

• Treat everyone like you would treat your personal hero or a celebrity. You never know when you will need a favor. In general, it is better to have people like you, and people like being treated nicely.
• Always use last names and titles to address people unless you are explicitly asked to call them something else. It is always better to say Dr. Johnson or Mr. Stevenson when addressing people you do not have a personal relationship with. If you do not know their title, you can always use the title “Professor” for someone that teaches a university class or “Mr.” or “Ms.” for University staff if you are unsure if they have a Ph.D. I will tell you, I have never heard anyone that doesn’t have a Ph.D. upset that they were called Doctor but I do know PhDs who get upset if they aren’t called Doctor.
• Do not use slang, unprofessional language (i.e. swearing), or other colloquialisms ("bro" or "dude") when talking or writing in a professional capacity. Be as formal as possible.

Follow these checkpoints, and you will be thought of as a respectful and courteous student.

 

Tips for Networking

The goal of this chapter up until this point is to convince you that being respectful and nice to people goes a long way. You are convinced that “it is not what you know it is who you know”. “Who you know” is your network. The second part of the “getting a job when you are done with college” formula is building a network.

Some of you are extroverted and find building a network of people easy and fun. Good for you, you will have a significant advantage when it comes to finding a job because you make friends naturally and people like you. I personally am an introvert and find networking functions unbearable and painful. Just because you don’t like to actively network, does not mean that it isn’t critical to getting the job you want and deserve. The good news is that there are tactics that you can learn and use to become better at networking. Take a minute to watch the video below where Mr. Duane (see what I did there?) explains his tricks to networking effectively. Make sure to take notes on what he calls “lifelines” and “landmines” when networking.

 

Video 2.1: TJ Duane explores the power of a personal network and offers strategies for leveraging those key relationships.

 

In the video, Mr. Duane gives tips to be successful in making relationships. First, he advises that people establish a common connection early in the conversation. He also advises that people be centered and actively listen and pay attention to the person they are talking to. He warns people to not get distracted and gives an example of a meeting he had in times square. Furthermore, Mr. Duane suggests showing your value but to make sure not to brag because it can be a turnoff. Next, Mr. Duane suggests that following up and following through is critical. It doesn’t work in the dating world or in industry.

 

Question 2.1: Networking "Lifelines" and "Landmines"

 

The Power of Modesty and Respect

Being modest and respectful is critical to building your network and advancing your career as a professional. As a student, a significant portion of your network will consist of University professors and staff and the best way to stay on their good side is to be modest and respectful.

 

Figure 2.4: Respect, the magic 7-letter word.

 

Furthermore, the power dynamic between a student and professors is unbalanced in a dramatic way. Faculty and staff have almost all of the power, and students have very little if any at all. Hopefully, you trust your University to hire competent employees who will act fairly and on your behalf. For the most part, this is true, but what it means for you is that it does not pay to be disrespectful or immodest.

Consider the following exchange between an academic adviser (not a professor) and a student they are advising. Let’s say that the student sees the adviser’s office door open and swings by without an appointment. Keep in mind, in this scenario, it is unclear who is to blame for the problem.

Academic Adviser: “Hello Student, it is good to see you. How can I help you today?”

Student: “Hey. I am good but you messed up, now I am not going to graduate, and I need you to fix my schedule right now!”

How do you think the academic adviser will respond? I am guessing they will say something like “I don’t have time right now, please schedule an appointment”.

This is what I meant when I said that staff has all the power and it doesn’t pay to be disrespectful. This student is severely lacking in modesty and did not acknowledge that it could have been their mistake, instead, they blamed the adviser. The student also failed to apologize for his intrusion! The academic adviser does not have to help the student right away and the accusatory tone will only serve to alienate the adviser. My question is: WHY WOULD YOU DO THAT? The advisors are hard-working, underpaid, intelligent people who are here to help you. Do not make them dislike you! Let’s see how that exchange could have played out differently.

Academic Adviser: “Hello Student, it is good to see you. How can I help you today?”

Student: “Hello Mr. Adviser. I am sorry to bother you, but I noticed that there is a mistake on my schedule and I am worried it will impact my graduation. Do you have some time to help me fix the issue? If we can’t meet today I totally understand and would be happy to set up an appointment. Thanks so much for your help.”

Again, like a lot of things in this chapter, this is obviously the correct way to respond. In this case, the student did not blame the adviser for the problem (they didn’t even necessarily take credit for the problem either), they were respectful of the adviser’s time and humbled themselves. The adviser still might not be able to drop everything and help the student right away, but you can be sure that they are more eager and willing to help in this situation when compared to the first.

All of this comes back to being a professional. Successful professionals are always modest and respectful. People like people who treat them with respect and differ in their expertise.

 

Discussion 2.3: The Power of Modesty and Respect

 

Be Mindful of Your Desired Career Culture

Suppose you have a successful engineering firm and that you need to hire an accountant to help balance your books and do your taxes. You get two offers from people who have similar educational background, similar experience, and quote you similar prices. They are both excellent candidates in your opinion. You check their consulting company websites and they have the following pictures in their "About Me" section. Besides the different style of each person's picture, the two people are equal in every other way. Which of the two would you hire?

 

Question 2.2: Judge a Book by its Cover

 

Please make sure you answer the preceding question before reading the rest of this section.

What factors did you consider when making your decision? What factors might someone else make in their decision? There isn't one correct answer!

A possible piece of important information: what is the culture like at your very successful engineering firm? Is it located in the Front Range of Northern Colorado serving clientele who spend half of their time hiking and climbing 14ers? Or is your firm located in the the heart of Manhattan, NY, with clientele coming from wealthy hotel financiers? Perhaps you have an acoustics engineering firm that caters specifically to sound experts and musicians. The soul of your firm, its culture, should dictate the type of employee you hire when all other qualifications being held equal. I, personally, would hire the guitarist; the same might not be true of you and your firm, however, and it is important to think about this when choosing a proper fit for your first entry-level position out of college and beyond.

A common idiom is "don't judge a book by its cover." In seeking one's career fit, whether you seek to hire the ideal candidate or are seeking employment yourself, be mindful of the expected culture. Different engineering firms would choose different people from the photos above based on the firm's culture. Different engineering firms would choose different people from the photos above based on the firm's culture, and dress codes often go hand-in-hand with the culture. Use this to your advantage.

Figure 2.6: Don’t judge a book by its cover is a good thing to try and live by but no one actually does that. In any case, these books have amazing covers.

Why do we judge people by what they look like? Humans assess information quickly and we are predominately visual animals. Plus, a lot of the time it can be useful to understand patterns and make quick judgments. To illustrate this, try the following problem which is probably the easiest problem you will ever have in college.

 

Question 2.3: Illustrating

 

Or for another example, think about the last time you looked up companies online. It is easy to get caught up in the marketing and fancy visuals of their website and to attribute those qualities to mean that the company must have high quality even though a fancy website has nothing to do with how the company actually performs. The list goes on and on, but the fact is that we judge books by their cover. If you are interested in reading more about this, here is a nice, short little blog post discussing this from a psychological perspective.

 

How to Make a Good Impression.

Whenever you give a presentation in school, go to a job interview, go to a networking event, or interact with engineering professionals in any way (outside of the classroom) it is important to look professional so that you make a good impression. Looking professional can vary across companies and situations. It is important when decided what best to wear that you understand that working culture of the firm or company you are hoping to wow (*jazz hands*) at your upcoming in-person interview. Are you interviewing with a company that has traditional culture and values with all of their staff pictures online in suits and business formal dress? Then it is likely that you should "Dress the part that you want" and match this company's culture. The counter-example is prevalent in the software "tech" world; some companies frown on overdressing as possibly compensating for lack of ability or skill. Business casual is a good happy medium; in other words, no holes in clothes and save the vampire teeth for Halloween.

 

Figure 2.8: These two epitomize looking professional.

 

Tips for Business Casual

As stated above, business casual will be a good professional dress for most situations including career fairs and interviews. (Always ask ahead of time when you can!) This is not a comprehensive list. Instead, it is a rough guide for how to dress in business casual:

• Make sure you have a neutral scent. Do not wear excessive perfumes or other fragrances.
• Avoid T-shirts. Wear a polo, button-down, or blouse. Shoes should be moderate and conservative; avoid overly casual footwear like athletic sneakers.
• Socks should be dark an unobtrusive (save the flair for after the interview).
• Dress pants/slacks/khakis should be worn. Skirts or dresses are a good option, also. Shorts are generally not a good idea.
• Ties and bow-ties are optional but should be conservative.
• Blazers/sport coats are optional as well.

 

Discussion 2.4: Make a Good Impression

 

Professional Emails and Communication

Emails are often times annoying, but they continue to be an important tool for professional communication. There are newer communication tools that are beginning to penetrate the professional workspace (i.e. slack or Microsoft Teams) but they aren’t ubiquitous and they will require you to write professionally similar to the way I will outline in this section. The most difficult part about this is that social media and instant communication have different rules and norms that you are likely familiar with and may not realize are unprofessional. While there are undoubtedly benefits to instant communication in texting and the like, it has led to some bad communication habits that you will need to break to be successful in a professional setting.

It is important to remember that you can’t delete a badly written email and it can be held against you. So how do you make sure that you do not mess up your emails? Starting today, whenever you write an email to anybody that you are not friends with (and especially the University faculty and staff), remember to follow the rule outlined above, treat everyone like you would treat your personal hero or a celebrity. That means being coherent, precise with your language, proofreading your email to ensure there are no typos, and always be respectful. Below are a few bullet points diving into a little more detail on what a professional email looks like.

 

Email Checklist

• Have a professional email address. Limit it to initials or full spellings of your name and resort to numbers only if you have to. For example, if you have a common name (e.g. John Jeremy Smith) you can try “john.j.smith” or “j.j.smith” or “jj.smith” etc.
• Proofread your emails before you send them. It is important to remember that sending someone an email is the same thing as asking them to spend time on you. The recipient of the email will have to take part of their day to read and assess your email. That means that you can show them respect by making sure the email is well-written and free of typographical errors.
• Be sure to use the most formal possible title to address whomever you are writing, regardless of their standing, rank, or position. It is ok to refer to a close co-worker or friend using their first name, but unless you are explicitly told not to, use a formal title. For example, you should always start your email to your professors with either “Dear Professor Bechara” or “Dear Dr. Bechara” unless you are directed otherwise. If you are unsure about the educational attainment or professional title of the person you are emailing, use Mr. or Ms. as appropriate or play it safe and address then as Dr.
• Complete all of your emails with a professional sign-off. That means that after you complete the body of text, add a space, include a sign-off (sincerely, respectfully, etc), add another space, and then complete with your name.
• Follow all of the previous advice in this chapter. That means being respectful, humble, etc.

To give an example, let’s consider a hypothetical email from a student to a professor. In this case, we will consider that the professor actually DID make a mistake (it happens, we are human) and they typed in a grade incorrectly. So this is an instance where the student is in the right and needs to correct the professor. The email is:

​Hey,
You messe d up my grade on quiz for. I got a 87 but you put 78 in the gradbeook. Be more carfeul next time.
Student McNotRespeftulson

 

Question 2.4: An Email

 

Discussion 2.5: An Email

 

Ethics - We Still Have Work to Do

There is one last, uncomfortable issue to address when it comes to professionalism and the workplace. It is important to address that despite significant progress towards eliminating racial, gender, and other types of discrimination, they are real and persistent in our society. It is unfortunate and frankly embarrassing to admit, but in the United States, white men currently have significant advantages over racial minorities and women. That does not mean that racial minorities or women should give up! If you are Black, Hispanic, or a women, you are in the right place. If you do not identify as any of these demographics, you are also in the right place. Please keep up the hard work and seek the help and resources you need to be successful! We need you to be a role model for future students that look and sound like you.

Although it is uncomfortable and patently unfair, I think it would be foolish and actually detrimental to ignore the realities. Instead, we need to educate ourselves about the problems and actively work to address these problems. The demographic makeup of our workplace should reflect the racial and gender makeup of our society but that is currently not true. In fact, engineering is one of the worst offenders. According to a study by the PEW Research Center, 73% of United States engineers are white, 12% are Asian, but only 5% are black and only 8% are Hispanic. Furthermore, the statistics on gender are equally as bad. The Society of Women Engineers states that only 13% of engineers are female! These disparities are unacceptable and need to be addressed. 

 

Ethics: Gender and Race in the Workplace. 

For this ethics prompt, I would like you to discuss ways in which you believe would be beneficial to get more women and underrepresented minorities into engineering. I do not want this to be a debate about diversity in the workplace (numerous studies have shown it to be advantageous and I do not consider this up for debate) but instead, I would like you to concentrate on potential social policies or other strategies you can think of to encourage more women and underrepresented minorities to seek out engineering. If you are from an underrepresented population and would like to share personal anecdotes about why you are studying engineering or obstacles that you had to overcome that you wish were eliminated that would be wonderful to hear but is not required. Note: There are many more ways to cross section humanity besides gender and race, including by sexuality, religious creed, parent education level, socioeconomic status, and more. Gender and race demographics represent two of the more visually presenting demographic subsets and is discussed here as an example of how to be more inclusive in the workplace.

 

Discussion 2.6: Gender and Race in the Workplace