4.4.1: Literals and Constants - Integers

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Integer Literals

These are used to represent and store the integer values. Integer literals are expressed in two types i.e.,

Prefixes: The Prefix of the integer literal indicates the base in which it is to be read.
For example:
```
0x10 = 16

Because 0x prefix represents a HexaDecimal base.
So 10 in HexaDecimal is 16 in Decimal.
Hence the value 16. 
```
There are basically represent in four types.
1. Decimal-literal(base 10): A non-zero decimal digit followed by zero or more decimal digits(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
  For example:
```
56, 78
```
2. Octal-literal(base 8): a 0 followed by zero or more octal digits(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).
  For example:
```
045, 076, 06210
```
3. Hex-literal(base 16): 0x or 0X followed by one or more hexadecimal digits(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, A, b, B, c, C, d, D, e, E, f, F).
  For example:
```
0x23A, 0Xb4C, 0xFEA
```
4. Binary-literal(base 2): 0b or 0B followed by one or more binary digits(0, 1).
  For example:
```
0b101, 0B111
```
Suffixes: The Prefix of the integer literal indicates the type in which it is to be read.
For example:
```
12345678901234LL 
indicates a long long integer value 12345678901234
because of the suffix LL
```
These are represented in many ways according to their data types.
1. int: No suffix is required because integer constant is by default assigned as an int data type.
2. unsigned int: character u or U at the end of an integer constant.
3. long int: character l or L at the end of an integer constant.
4. unsigned long int: character ul or UL at the end of an integer constant.
5. long long int: character ll or LL at the end of an integer constant.
6. unsigned long long int: character ull or ULL at the end of integer constant.

Example:

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 

int main() 
{   // constant integer literal 

    const int intVal = 10; 

    cout << "Integer Literal: " << intVal << "\n"; 
    return 0; 
}

Integer Literal: 10

Adapted from:
"Types of Literals in C/C++ with Examples" by Chinmoy Lenka, Geeks for Geeks