16.1.2: Inheritance - Types of Inheritance
- Page ID
- 29125
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Types of Inheritance in C++
- Single Inheritance: In single inheritance, a class is allowed to inherit from only one class. i.e. one sub class is inherited by one base class only.
Syntax:class subclass_name : access_mode base_class { //body of subclass };
filter_none// C++ program to explain // Single inheritance #include <iostream> using namespace std; // base class class Vehicle { public: Vehicle() { cout << "This is a Vehicle" << endl; } }; // sub class derived from two base classes class Car: public Vehicle{ }; // main function int main() { // creating object of sub class will // invoke the constructor of base classes Car obj; return 0; }
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// C++ program to explain
// Single inheritance
#include <iostream>
using
namespace
std;
// base class
class
Vehicle {
public
:
Vehicle()
{
cout <<
"This is a Vehicle"
<< endl;
}
};
// sub class derived from two base classes
class
Car:
public
Vehicle{
};
// main function
int
main()
{
// creating object of sub class will
// invoke the constructor of base classes
Car obj;
return
0;
}
Output:
This is a vehicle
- Multiple Inheritance: Multiple Inheritance is a feature of C++ where a class can inherit from more than one classes. i.e one sub class is inherited from more than one base classes.
Syntax:class subclass_name : access_mode base_class1, access_mode base_class2, .... { //body of subclass };
Here, the number of base classes will be separated by a comma (‘, ‘) and access mode for every base class must be specified.
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// C++ program to explain
// multiple inheritance
#include <iostream>
using
namespace
std;
// first base class
class
Vehicle {
public
:
Vehicle()
{
cout <<
"This is a Vehicle"
<< endl;
}
};
// second base class
class
FourWheeler {
public
:
FourWheeler()
{
cout <<
"This is a 4 wheeler Vehicle"
<< endl;
}
};
// sub class derived from two base classes
class
Car:
public
Vehicle,
public
FourWheeler {
};
// main function
int
main()
{
// creating object of sub class will
// invoke the constructor of base classes
Car obj;
return
0;
}
Output:
This is a Vehicle This is a 4 wheeler Vehicle
Please visit this link to learn multiple inheritance in details.
- Multilevel Inheritance: In this type of inheritance, a derived class is created from another derived class.
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// C++ program to implement
// Multilevel Inheritance
#include <iostream>
using
namespace
std;
// base class
class
Vehicle
{
public
:
Vehicle()
{
cout <<
"This is a Vehicle"
<< endl;
}
};
class
fourWheeler:
public
Vehicle
{
public
:
fourWheeler()
{
cout<<
"Objects with 4 wheels are vehicles"
<<endl;
}
};
// sub class derived from two base classes
class
Car:
public
fourWheeler{
public
:
car()
{
cout<<
"Car has 4 Wheels"
<<endl;
}
};
// main function
int
main()
{
//creating object of sub class will
//invoke the constructor of base classes
Car obj;
return
0;
}
output:
This is a Vehicle Objects with 4 wheels are vehicles Car has 4 Wheels
- Hierarchical Inheritance: In this type of inheritance, more than one sub class is inherited from a single base class. i.e. more than one derived class is created from a single base class.
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// C++ program to implement
// Hierarchical Inheritance
#include <iostream>
using
namespace
std;
// base class
class
Vehicle
{
public
:
Vehicle()
{
cout <<
"This is a Vehicle"
<< endl;
}
};
// first sub class
class
Car:
public
Vehicle
{
};
// second sub class
class
Bus:
public
Vehicle
{
};
// main function
int
main()
{
// creating object of sub class will
// invoke the constructor of base class
Car obj1;
Bus obj2;
return
0;
}
Output:
This is a Vehicle This is a Vehicle
Adapted from: "Inheritance in C++" by Harsh Agarwal, Geeks for Geeks is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0