10.4: Strings

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Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): The String Hierarchy.

A String is an indexed Collection that holds only Characters.

In fact, String is abstract and Pharo strings are actually instances of the concrete class ByteString.

'hello world' class
>>> ByteString

The other important subclass of String is Symbol. The key difference is that there is only ever a single instance of Symbol with a given value. (This is sometimes called the unique instance property). In contrast, two separately constructed Strings that happen to contain the same sequence of characters will often be different objects.

'hel','lo' == 'hello'
>>> false

('hel','lo') asSymbol == #hello
>>> true

Another important difference is that a String is mutable, whereas a Symbol is immutable.

'hello' at: 2 put: $u; yourself
>>> 'hullo'

#hello at: 2 put: $u
>>> error!

It is easy to forget that since strings are collections, they understand the same messages that other collections do:

#hello indexOf: $o
>>> 5

Although String does not inherit from Magnitude, it does support the usual comparing methods, <, = and so on. In addition, String>>match: is useful for some basic glob-style pattern-matching:

'*or*' match: 'zorro'
>>> true

Regular expressions will be discussed in more detail in Chapter : Regular Expressions in Pharo.

Strings support a rather large number of conversion methods. Many of these are shortcut constructor methods for other classes, such as asDate, asInteger and so on. There are also a number of useful methods for converting a string to another string, such as capitalized and translateToLowercase.

For more on strings and collections, see Chapter : Collections.