8.3: Source Code to Tetromino
- Page ID
- 13606
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)This source code can be downloaded from http://invpy.com/tetromino.py. If you get any error messages, look at the line number that is mentioned in the error message and check your code for any typos. You can also copy and paste your code into the web form at http://invpy.com/diff/tetromino to see if the differences between your code and the code in the book.
You will also need the background music files in the same folder of as the tetromino.py file. You can download them from here:
# Tetromino (a Tetris clone) # By Al Sweigart al@inventwithpython.com # http://inventwithpython.com/pygame # Released under a "Simplified BSD" license import random, time, pygame, sys from pygame.locals import * FPS = 25 WINDOWWIDTH = 640 WINDOWHEIGHT = 480 BOXSIZE = 20 BOARDWIDTH = 10 BOARDHEIGHT = 20 BLANK = '.' MOVESIDEWAYSFREQ = 0.15 MOVEDOWNFREQ = 0.1 XMARGIN = int((WINDOWWIDTH - BOARDWIDTH * BOXSIZE) / 2) TOPMARGIN = WINDOWHEIGHT - (BOARDHEIGHT * BOXSIZE) - 5 # R G B WHITE = (255, 255, 255) GRAY = (185, 185, 185) BLACK = ( 0, 0, 0) RED = (155, 0, 0) LIGHTRED = (175, 20, 20) GREEN = ( 0, 155, 0) LIGHTGREEN = ( 20, 175, 20) BLUE = ( 0, 0, 155) LIGHTBLUE = ( 20, 20, 175) YELLOW = (155, 155, 0) LIGHTYELLOW = (175, 175, 20) BORDERCOLOR = BLUE BGCOLOR = BLACK TEXTCOLOR = WHITE TEXTSHADOWCOLOR = GRAY COLORS = ( BLUE, GREEN, RED, YELLOW) LIGHTCOLORS = (LIGHTBLUE, LIGHTGREEN, LIGHTRED, LIGHTYELLOW) assert len(COLORS) == len(LIGHTCOLORS) # each color must have light color TEMPLATEWIDTH = 5 TEMPLATEHEIGHT = 5 S_SHAPE_TEMPLATE = [['.....', '.....', '..OO.', '.OO..', '.....'], ['.....', '..O..', '..OO.', '...O.', '.....']] Z_SHAPE_TEMPLATE = [['.....', '.....', '.OO..', '..OO.', '.....'], ['.....', '..O..', '.OO..', '.O...', '.....']] I_SHAPE_TEMPLATE = [['..O..', '..O..', '..O..', '..O..', '.....'], ['.....', '.....', 'OOOO.', '.....', '.....']] O_SHAPE_TEMPLATE = [['.....', '.....', '.OO..', '.OO..', '.....']] J_SHAPE_TEMPLATE = [['.....', '.O...', '.OOO.', '.....', '.....'], ['.....', '..OO.', '..O..', '..O..', '.....'], ['.....', '.....', '.OOO.', '...O.', '.....'], ['.....', '..O..', '..O..', '.OO..', '.....']] L_SHAPE_TEMPLATE = [['.....', '...O.', '.OOO.', '.....', '.....'], ['.....', '..O..', '..O..', '..OO.', '.....'], ['.....', '.....', '.OOO.', '.O...', '.....'], ['.....', '.OO..', '..O..', '..O..', '.....']] T_SHAPE_TEMPLATE = [['.....', '..O..', '.OOO.', '.....', '.....'], ['.....', '..O..', '..OO.', '..O..', '.....'], ['.....', '.....', '.OOO.', '..O..', '.....'], ['.....', '..O..', '.OO..', '..O..', '.....']] PIECES = {'S': S_SHAPE_TEMPLATE, 'Z': Z_SHAPE_TEMPLATE, 'J': J_SHAPE_TEMPLATE, 'L': L_SHAPE_TEMPLATE, 'I': I_SHAPE_TEMPLATE, 'O': O_SHAPE_TEMPLATE, 'T': T_SHAPE_TEMPLATE} def main(): global FPSCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF, BASICFONT, BIGFONT pygame.init() FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock() DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT)) BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 18) BIGFONT = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 100) pygame.display.set_caption('Tetromino') showTextScreen('Tetromino') while True: # game loop if random.randint(0, 1) == 0: pygame.mixer.music.load('tetrisb.mid') else: pygame.mixer.music.load('tetrisc.mid') pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0) runGame() pygame.mixer.music.stop() showTextScreen('Game Over') def runGame(): # setup variables for the start of the game board = getBlankBoard() lastMoveDownTime = time.time() lastMoveSidewaysTime = time.time() lastFallTime = time.time() movingDown = False # note: there is no movingUp variable movingLeft = False movingRight = False score = 0 level, fallFreq = calculateLevelAndFallFreq(score) fallingPiece = getNewPiece() nextPiece = getNewPiece() while True: # game loop if fallingPiece == None: # No falling piece in play, so start a new piece at the top fallingPiece = nextPiece nextPiece = getNewPiece() lastFallTime = time.time() # reset lastFallTime if not isValidPosition(board, fallingPiece): return # can't fit a new piece on the board, so game over checkForQuit() for event in pygame.event.get(): # event handling loop if event.type == KEYUP: if (event.key == K_p): # Pausing the game DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR) pygame.mixer.music.stop() showTextScreen('Paused') # pause until a key press pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0) lastFallTime = time.time() lastMoveDownTime = time.time() lastMoveSidewaysTime = time.time() elif (event.key == K_LEFT or event.key == K_a): movingLeft = False elif (event.key == K_RIGHT or event.key == K_d): movingRight = False elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s): movingDown = False elif event.type == KEYDOWN: # moving the piece sideways if (event.key == K_LEFT or event.key == K_a) and isValidPosition(board, fallingPiece, adjX=-1): fallingPiece['x'] -= 1 movingLeft = True movingRight = False lastMoveSidewaysTime = time.time() elif (event.key == K_RIGHT or event.key == K_d) and isValidPosition(board, fallingPiece, adjX=1): fallingPiece['x'] += 1 movingRight = True movingLeft = False lastMoveSidewaysTime = time.time() # rotating the piece (if there is room to rotate) elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w): fallingPiece['rotation'] = (fallingPiece['rotation'] + 1) % len(PIECES[fallingPiece['shape']]) if not isValidPosition(board, fallingPiece): fallingPiece['rotation'] = (fallingPiece['rotation'] - 1) % len(PIECES[fallingPiece['shape']]) elif (event.key == K_q): # rotate the other direction fallingPiece['rotation'] = (fallingPiece['rotation'] - 1) % len(PIECES[fallingPiece['shape']]) if not isValidPosition(board, fallingPiece): fallingPiece['rotation'] = (fallingPiece['rotation'] + 1) % len(PIECES[fallingPiece['shape']]) # making the piece fall faster with the down key elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s): movingDown = True if isValidPosition(board, fallingPiece, adjY=1): fallingPiece['y'] += 1 lastMoveDownTime = time.time() # move the current piece all the way down elif event.key == K_SPACE: movingDown = False movingLeft = False movingRight = False for i in range(1, BOARDHEIGHT): if not isValidPosition(board, fallingPiece, adjY=i): break fallingPiece['y'] += i - 1 # handle moving the piece because of user input if (movingLeft or movingRight) and time.time() - lastMoveSidewaysTime > MOVESIDEWAYSFREQ: if movingLeft and isValidPosition(board, fallingPiece, adjX=-1): fallingPiece['x'] -= 1 elif movingRight and isValidPosition(board, fallingPiece, adjX=1): fallingPiece['x'] += 1 lastMoveSidewaysTime = time.time() if movingDown and time.time() - lastMoveDownTime > MOVEDOWNFREQ and isValidPosition(board, fallingPiece, adjY=1): fallingPiece['y'] += 1 lastMoveDownTime = time.time() # let the piece fall if it is time to fall if time.time() - lastFallTime > fallFreq: # see if the piece has landed if not isValidPosition(board, fallingPiece, adjY=1): # falling piece has landed, set it on the board addToBoard(board, fallingPiece) score += removeCompleteLines(board) level, fallFreq = calculateLevelAndFallFreq(score) fallingPiece = None else: # piece did not land, just move the piece down fallingPiece['y'] += 1 lastFallTime = time.time() # drawing everything on the screen DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR) drawBoard(board) drawStatus(score, level) drawNextPiece(nextPiece) if fallingPiece != None: drawPiece(fallingPiece) pygame.display.update() FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS) def makeTextObjs(text, font, color): surf = font.render(text, True, color) return surf, surf.get_rect() def terminate(): pygame.quit() sys.exit() def checkForKeyPress(): # Go through event queue looking for a KEYUP event. # Grab KEYDOWN events to remove them from the event queue. checkForQuit() for event in pygame.event.get([KEYDOWN, KEYUP]): if event.type == KEYDOWN: continue return event.key return None def showTextScreen(text): # This function displays large text in the # center of the screen until a key is pressed. # Draw the text drop shadow titleSurf, titleRect = makeTextObjs(text, BIGFONT, TEXTSHADOWCOLOR) titleRect.center = (int(WINDOWWIDTH / 2), int(WINDOWHEIGHT / 2)) DISPLAYSURF.blit(titleSurf, titleRect) # Draw the text titleSurf, titleRect = makeTextObjs(text, BIGFONT, TEXTCOLOR) titleRect.center = (int(WINDOWWIDTH / 2) - 3, int(WINDOWHEIGHT / 2) - 3) DISPLAYSURF.blit(titleSurf, titleRect) # Draw the additional "Press a key to play." text. pressKeySurf, pressKeyRect = makeTextObjs('Press a key to play.', BASICFONT, TEXTCOLOR) pressKeyRect.center = (int(WINDOWWIDTH / 2), int(WINDOWHEIGHT / 2) + 100) DISPLAYSURF.blit(pressKeySurf, pressKeyRect) while checkForKeyPress() == None: pygame.display.update() FPSCLOCK.tick() def checkForQuit(): for event in pygame.event.get(QUIT): # get all the QUIT events terminate() # terminate if any QUIT events are present for event in pygame.event.get(KEYUP): # get all the KEYUP events if event.key == K_ESCAPE: terminate() # terminate if the KEYUP event was for the Esc key pygame.event.post(event) # put the other KEYUP event objects back def calculateLevelAndFallFreq(score): # Based on the score, return the level the player is on and # how many seconds pass until a falling piece falls one space. level = int(score / 10) + 1 fallFreq = 0.27 - (level * 0.02) return level, fallFreq def getNewPiece(): # return a random new piece in a random rotation and color shape = random.choice(list(PIECES.keys())) newPiece = {'shape': shape, 'rotation': random.randint(0, len(PIECES[shape]) - 1), 'x': int(BOARDWIDTH / 2) - int(TEMPLATEWIDTH / 2), 'y': -2, # start it above the board (i.e. less than 0) 'color': random.randint(0, len(COLORS)-1)} return newPiece def addToBoard(board, piece): # fill in the board based on piece's location, shape, and rotation for x in range(TEMPLATEWIDTH): for y in range(TEMPLATEHEIGHT): if PIECES[piece['shape']][piece['rotation']][y][x] != BLANK: board[x + piece['x']][y + piece['y']] = piece['color'] def getBlankBoard(): # create and return a new blank board data structure board = [] for i in range(BOARDWIDTH): board.append([BLANK] * BOARDHEIGHT) return board def isOnBoard(x, y): return x >= 0 and x < BOARDWIDTH and y < BOARDHEIGHT def isValidPosition(board, piece, adjX=0, adjY=0): # Return True if the piece is within the board and not colliding for x in range(TEMPLATEWIDTH): for y in range(TEMPLATEHEIGHT): isAboveBoard = y + piece['y'] + adjY < 0 if isAboveBoard or PIECES[piece['shape']][piece['rotation']][y][x] == BLANK: continue if not isOnBoard(x + piece['x'] + adjX, y + piece['y'] + adjY): return False if board[x + piece['x'] + adjX][y + piece['y'] + adjY] != BLANK: return False return True def isCompleteLine(board, y): # Return True if the line filled with boxes with no gaps. for x in range(BOARDWIDTH): if board[x][y] == BLANK: return False return True def removeCompleteLines(board): # Remove any completed lines on the board, move everything above them down, and return the number of complete lines. numLinesRemoved = 0 y = BOARDHEIGHT - 1 # start y at the bottom of the board while y >= 0: if isCompleteLine(board, y): # Remove the line and pull boxes down by one line. for pullDownY in range(y, 0, -1): for x in range(BOARDWIDTH): board[x][pullDownY] = board[x][pullDownY-1] # Set very top line to blank. for x in range(BOARDWIDTH): board[x][0] = BLANK numLinesRemoved += 1 # Note on the next iteration of the loop, y is the same. # This is so that if the line that was pulled down is also # complete, it will be removed. else: y -= 1 # move on to check next row up return numLinesRemoved def convertToPixelCoords(boxx, boxy): # Convert the given xy coordinates of the board to xy # coordinates of the location on the screen. return (XMARGIN + (boxx * BOXSIZE)), (TOPMARGIN + (boxy * BOXSIZE)) def drawBox(boxx, boxy, color, pixelx=None, pixely=None): # draw a single box (each tetromino piece has four boxes) # at xy coordinates on the board. Or, if pixelx & pixely # are specified, draw to the pixel coordinates stored in # pixelx & pixely (this is used for the "Next" piece). if color == BLANK: return if pixelx == None and pixely == None: pixelx, pixely = convertToPixelCoords(boxx, boxy) pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, COLORS[color], (pixelx + 1, pixely + 1, BOXSIZE - 1, BOXSIZE - 1)) pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, LIGHTCOLORS[color], (pixelx + 1, pixely + 1, BOXSIZE - 4, BOXSIZE - 4)) def drawBoard(board): # draw the border around the board pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BORDERCOLOR, (XMARGIN - 3, TOPMARGIN - 7, (BOARDWIDTH * BOXSIZE) + 8, (BOARDHEIGHT * BOXSIZE) + 8), 5) # fill the background of the board pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BGCOLOR, (XMARGIN, TOPMARGIN, BOXSIZE * BOARDWIDTH, BOXSIZE * BOARDHEIGHT)) # draw the individual boxes on the board for x in range(BOARDWIDTH): for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT): drawBox(x, y, board[x][y]) def drawStatus(score, level): # draw the score text scoreSurf = BASICFONT.render('Score: %s' % score, True, TEXTCOLOR) scoreRect = scoreSurf.get_rect() scoreRect.topleft = (WINDOWWIDTH - 150, 20) DISPLAYSURF.blit(scoreSurf, scoreRect) # draw the level text levelSurf = BASICFONT.render('Level: %s' % level, True, TEXTCOLOR) levelRect = levelSurf.get_rect() levelRect.topleft = (WINDOWWIDTH - 150, 50) DISPLAYSURF.blit(levelSurf, levelRect) def drawPiece(piece, pixelx=None, pixely=None): shapeToDraw = PIECES[piece['shape']][piece['rotation']] if pixelx == None and pixely == None: # if pixelx & pixely hasn't been specified, use the location stored in the piece data structure pixelx, pixely = convertToPixelCoords(piece['x'], piece['y']) # draw each of the boxes that make up the piece for x in range(TEMPLATEWIDTH): for y in range(TEMPLATEHEIGHT): if shapeToDraw[y][x] != BLANK: drawBox(None, None, piece['color'], pixelx + (x * BOXSIZE), pixely + (y * BOXSIZE)) def drawNextPiece(piece): # draw the "next" text nextSurf = BASICFONT.render('Next:', True, TEXTCOLOR) nextRect = nextSurf.get_rect() nextRect.topleft = (WINDOWWIDTH - 120, 80) DISPLAYSURF.blit(nextSurf, nextRect) # draw the "next" piece drawPiece(piece, pixelx=WINDOWWIDTH-120, pixely=100) if __name__ == '__main__': main()