17.6: Other Processes

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Stamping

Stamping is used to make high volume parts such as aviation or car panels or electronic components. Mechanical or hydraulic powered presses stamp out parts from continuous sheets of metal or individual blanks. The upper die is attached to the ram and the lower die is fixed. Whereas mechanical machinery transfers all energy as a rapid punch, hydraulic machinery delivers a constant, controlled force.

stamping

Stamping

Deep Drawing

For deep drawing, the starting sheet of metal is larger than the area of the punch. A pressure plate, fixed to the machine, prevents wrinkling of the edges as the plug is drawn into a top die cavity. The outer parts of the sheet are drawn in towards the die as the operation proceeds. The process is limited by the possibility of fracture occurring during drawing; the maximum sheet width is rarely more that twice the die diameter.

Many shapes are possible including cups, pans, cylinders and irregular shaped products.

Deep drawing

Pressing

A sheet of metal is deformed between two suitably shaped dies usually to produce a cup or dish shaped component. A thick pad of rubber may replace one of the dies, giving reduced tooling costs and allowing larger deformations to be imposed.

pressing

Pressing