35.6: Simulations

Last updated
Save as PDF

Page ID: 34953

\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

Heat flow simulation

In this heat flow simulation you can adjust various parameters and observe the effect on the heat flow and cooling of the specimen. The simulation ignores the effect of heat loss from the sides of the specimen, i.e. it employs a one-dimensional model of heat flow through the specimen.

The bar is divided into 25 equal length elements, and, at each time step of the simulation, for each element, a new temperature, resulting from heat transfer at either end, is calculated. The size of the time step is set to the maximum allowed while ensuring numerical stability of the simulation.

Quench test simulation

In this simulation (courtesy of SteelMATTER, where it is also available), you can follow through the stages in carrying out a Jominy end quench test.

The Jominy Test involves heating a test piece from the steel (25mm diameter and 100mm long) to an austenitising temperature and quenching from one end with a controlled and standardised jet of water. Take a sample from the furnace and place it on the Jominy test fixtures and observe the cooling pattern.

After quenching the hardness profile is measured at intervals from the quenched end after the surface has been ground back to remove any effects of decarburisation (0.38mm is removed from the surface).

The hardness variation along the test surface is a result of microstructural variation which arises since the cooling rate decreases with distance from the quenched end. The cooling rate along the Jominy test specimen varies from about 225 °C s^-1 to 2 °C s^-1.