3.10: Nomenclature

a1, a2	Coefficients for weighted permeability	-
a, \(\ \tau_\mathrm{a}\)	Adhesion or external shear strength	kPa
A	Adhesive force on the blade	kN
c, \(\ \tau_\mathrm{c}\)	Cohesion or internal shear strength	kPa
C, C1	Force due to cohesion in the shear plane	kN
C2	Force due to cohesion on the front of the wedge	kN
C3	Force due to cohesion at the bottom of the wedge	kN
Fh	Horizontal cutting force	kN
Ff1	Friction force on the shear surface	kN
Ff2	Friction force on the blade	kN
Fn1	Normal force on the shear surface	kN
Fn2	Normal force on the blade	kN
Fv	Vertical cutting force	kN
Fd1	Deviation force on the shear surface	kN
Fd, d2	Deviation force on the blade	kN
Fx1, 2	Cutting force in x-direction	kN
Fy1, 2	Cutting force in y-direction	kN
Fz1, 2	Cutting force in z-direction	kN
g	Gravitational constant (9.81)	m/s^2
G, G1	Gravitational force on the layer cut	kN
G2	Gravitational force on the wedge	kN
hi	Initial thickness of layer cut	m
hb	Height of blade	m
hb,m	Effective height of the blade in case Curling Type	m
I	Inertial force on the shear plane	kN
ki	Initial permeability	m/s
kmax	Maximum permeability	m/s
km	Average permeability	m/s
K1	Grain force on the shear plane	kN
K2	Grain force on the blade or the front of the wedge	kN
K3	Grain force on the bottom of the wedge	kN
K4	Grain force on the blade (in case a wedge exists)	kN
ni	Initial porosity	%
nmax	Maximum porosity	%
N1	Normal force on the shear plane	kN
N2	Normal force on the blade or the front of the wedge	kN
N3	Normal force on the bottom of the wedge	kN
N4	Normal force on the blade (in case a wedge exists)	kN
p1m	Average pore pressure on the shear surface	kPa
p2m	Average pore pressure on the blade	kPa
Pc	Cutting power	kW
R1	Acting point of resulting forces on the shear plane	m
R2	Acting point of resulting forces on the blade	m
R3	Acting point of resulting forces on the bottom of the wedge	m
R4	Acting point of resulting forces on the blade (in case a wedge exists)	m
S1	Shear force due to friction on the shear plane	kN
S2	Shear force due to friction on the blade or the front of the wedge	kN
S3	Shear force due to friction at the bottom of the wedge	kN
S4	Shear force due to friction on the blade (in case a wedge exists)	kN
vc	Cutting velocity component perpendicular to the blade	m/s
vd	Cutting velocity, drag velocity	m/s
vr1	Velocity of grains in the shear surface	m/s
vr2	Relative velocity of grains on the blade	m/s
vd1 ​​​​​​​	Deviation velocity of grains in the shear surface	m/s
vd2 ​​​​​​​	Deviation velocity of grains on the blade	m/s
vx1,2	Velocity of grains in the x-direction	m/s
vy1,2	Velocity of grains in the y-direction	m/s
vz1,2	Velocity of grains in the z-direction	m/s
W	Width of blade	m
W1	Force resulting from pore under pressure on the shear plane	kN
W2	Force resulting from pore under pressure on the blade/ front wedge	kN
W3	Force resulting from pore under pressure on the bottom of the wedge	kN
W4	Force resulting from pore under pressures on the blade, wedge	kN
Z	Water depth	m
\(\ \alpha\)	Cutting angle blade	rad
β	Shear angle	rad
ε	Dilatation	-
φ	Angle of internal friction	rad
φe	Angle of internal friction perpendicular to the cutting edge	rad
λs	Strengthening factor	-
λ1	Acting point factor for resulting forces on the shear plane	-
λ2	Acting point factor for resulting forces on the blade or front of wedge	-
λ3	Acting point factor for resulting forces on the bottom of the wedge	-
λ4	Acting point factor for resulting forces on the blade	-
δ	External friction angle	rad
δe	External friction angle perpendicular to the cutting edge	rad
\(\ \iota\)	Deviation angle blade	rad
ρs	Density of the soil	ton/m^3
ρl	Density water	ton/m^3
θ	Wedge angle	rad