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- https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Electro-Optics/Book%3A_Ultrafast_Optics_(Kaertner)/09%3A_Noise_and_Frequency_Control/9.02%3A_Noise_in_Mode-locked_Lasers\[\begin{array} {rcl} {S_I (\omega)} & = & {\dfrac{(\eta e N_0)^2}{T_R} ||a_0|^2 (\omega)|^2 \sum_{k = -\infty}^{+ \infty} e^{-j \omega k T_R} \langle e^{-j\omega (\Delta t (k T_R) - \Delta t (0))} \r...\[\begin{array} {rcl} {S_I (\omega)} & = & {\dfrac{(\eta e N_0)^2}{T_R} ||a_0|^2 (\omega)|^2 \sum_{k = -\infty}^{+ \infty} e^{-j \omega k T_R} \langle e^{-j\omega (\Delta t (k T_R) - \Delta t (0))} \rangle,} \\ {} & = & {\dfrac{(\eta e N_0)^2}{T_R} ||a_0|^2 (\omega)|^2 \sum_{k = -\infty}^{+ \infty} e^{-j \omega k T_R} e^{-\tfrac{1}{2}[(\omega \tau)^2 \sigma_t (kT_R)]}} \end{array} \nonumber \]
- https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Electro-Optics/Book%3A_Ultrafast_Optics_(Kaertner)/11%3A_Ultrafast_Measurement_Techniques/11.01%3A_Pump_Probe_MeasurementsLets denote \(S_{in} = S_0 + \delta S\) as the probe pulse energy, where \(S_0\) is the average value and \(\delta_s\) a low frequency noise of the pulse source and \(S(t)\) is the probe signal transm...Lets denote \(S_{in} = S_0 + \delta S\) as the probe pulse energy, where \(S_0\) is the average value and \(\delta_s\) a low frequency noise of the pulse source and \(S(t)\) is the probe signal transmitted through the test device. This can be achieved by using orthogonal pump and probe polarization as shown in Figure 11.2 or by chopping pump and probe at different frequencies and detecting at the difference frequency, see Figure 11.3.
- https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Electro-Optics/Book%3A_Ultrafast_Optics_(Kaertner)/08%3A_Semiconductor_Saturable_AbsorbersSo far we only considered artificial saturable absorbers, but there is of course the possibility to use real absorbers for modelocking. A prominent candidate for a saturable absorber is semiconductor ...So far we only considered artificial saturable absorbers, but there is of course the possibility to use real absorbers for modelocking. A prominent candidate for a saturable absorber is semiconductor material. The great advantage of using semiconductor materials is that the wavelength range over which these absorbers operate can be chosen by material composition and band-structure engineering, if semiconductor heterostructures are used.
- https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Electro-Optics/Book%3A_Ultrafast_Optics_(Kaertner)/11%3A_Ultrafast_Measurement_Techniques
- https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Electro-Optics/Book%3A_Ultrafast_Optics_(Kaertner)/02%3A_Maxwell-Bloch_Equations/2.01%3A_Maxwell's_Equations\[\Delta \vec{E} - \mu_0 \dfrac{\partial}{\partial t} \left (\vec{j} + \epsilon_0 \dfrac{\partial \vec{E}}{\partial t} + \dfrac{\partial \vec{P}}{\partial t} \right ) = \dfrac{\partial}{\partial t} \v...\[\Delta \vec{E} - \mu_0 \dfrac{\partial}{\partial t} \left (\vec{j} + \epsilon_0 \dfrac{\partial \vec{E}}{\partial t} + \dfrac{\partial \vec{P}}{\partial t} \right ) = \dfrac{\partial}{\partial t} \vec{\nabla} \times \vec{M} + \vec{\nabla} (\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E}) \nonumber \]
- https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Electro-Optics/Book%3A_Ultrafast_Optics_(Kaertner)/08%3A_Semiconductor_Saturable_Absorbers/8.03%3A_Break-up_into_Multiple_PulsesFigure 8.12 shows the difference in the saturable absorption for a single pulse and a double pulse solution as a function of the ratio between the single pulse peak power and saturation power for a fa...Figure 8.12 shows the difference in the saturable absorption for a single pulse and a double pulse solution as a function of the ratio between the single pulse peak power and saturation power for a fast absorber and as a function of the ratio between the single pulse energy and saturation energy for a slow absorber.
- https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Electro-Optics/Book%3A_Ultrafast_Optics_(Kaertner)/04%3A_Laser_Dynamics_(single-mode)/4.07%3A_SummaryWe found the stability boundaries of the different regimes, which give us guidelines for the design of absorbers for a given solid state laser to favour one of these regimes. In addition there may be ...We found the stability boundaries of the different regimes, which give us guidelines for the design of absorbers for a given solid state laser to favour one of these regimes. In addition there may be additional loss mechanismes for the pulse, for example due to soliton formation there are additional filter losses of the pulse which couple to the energy of the pulse via the area theorem.
- https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Electro-Optics/Book%3A_Ultrafast_Optics_(Kaertner)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/20%3A_GlossaryExample and Directions Words (or words that have the same definition) The definition is case sensitive (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pag...Example and Directions Words (or words that have the same definition) The definition is case sensitive (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] (Optional) Caption for Image (Optional) External or Internal Link (Optional) Source for Definition "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") The infamous double helix CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen Glossary Entries Definition Image Sample Word 1 Sample Definition 1
- https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Electro-Optics/Book%3A_Ultrafast_Optics_(Kaertner)/02%3A_Maxwell-Bloch_Equations/2.03%3A_Bloch_EquationsThe pumping of the laser can be described by phenomenological relaxation processes into the upper laser level and out of the lower laser level. The resulting simple model is often called a two-level a...The pumping of the laser can be described by phenomenological relaxation processes into the upper laser level and out of the lower laser level. The resulting simple model is often called a two-level atom, i.e. it has two energy levels and energy eigenstates. The interaction of the two-level atom or the spin with the electric or magnetic field is described by the Bloch equations.
- https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Electro-Optics/Book%3A_Ultrafast_Optics_(Kaertner)/07%3A_Kerr-Lens_and_Additive_Pulse_Mode_Locking/7.01%3A_Kerr-Lens_Mode_Locking_(KLM)From the rate equations for the radial photon distribution \(N(r)\) and the inversion \(N_P (r)\) of a laser, which are proportional to the intensities of the pump beam and the laser beam, we obtain a...From the rate equations for the radial photon distribution \(N(r)\) and the inversion \(N_P (r)\) of a laser, which are proportional to the intensities of the pump beam and the laser beam, we obtain a gain, that is proportional to the product of \(N(r)\) and \(N_P(r)\).
- https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Electro-Optics/Book%3A_Ultrafast_Optics_(Kaertner)/11%3A_Ultrafast_Measurement_Techniques/11.03%3A_THz_Spectroscopy_and_ImagingPhoto-conductive switches activated by sub-100 fs pulses or optical rectification with sub-100 fs pulses leads to the generation of THz electro-magnetic impulses, that can be received with similar pho...Photo-conductive switches activated by sub-100 fs pulses or optical rectification with sub-100 fs pulses leads to the generation of THz electro-magnetic impulses, that can be received with similar photo-conductive receivers or by electro-optic sampling [8][9]. Figure 11.11: Terahertz waveforms modified by passage through (a) a 10mm block of stycast and (b) a chinese fortune cookie. The dashed lines show the shape of the input waveform multiplied by 0.5 in (a) and by 0.1 in 9b).
