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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- Introductory Engineering
- Basic Engineering Science - A Systems, Accounting, and Modeling Approach (Richards)
- Front Matter
- 1: Introduction
- 2: Basic Concepts
- 3: Conservation of Mass
- 4: Conservation of Charge
- 5: Conservation of Linear Momentum
- 6: Conservation of Angular Momentum
- 7: Conservation of Energy
- 8: Entropy Production and Accounting
- 9: Appendices
- 9.1: Appendix A- Solving Engineering Problems - A Problem-Solving Heuristic
- 9.2: Appendix B- Dimensions and Units
- 9.3: Appendix C- Summary of Conservation and Accounting Equations, Unit Conversions, Property Models, Thermophysical Property Data
- 9.4: Supplementary Materials- Course Learning Objectives
- 9.5: Conservation of Energy, the Work-Energy Principle, and the Mechanical Energy Balance
- 9.6: Modeling Devices as Steady-State, Open Systems
- Back Matter
- EGR 1010: Introduction to Engineering for Engineers and Scientists
- Front Matter
- 1: Preface
- 2: Description of topics
- 3: What we intend to learn here
- 4: What is engineering? Who are engineers?
- 5: What is a computer?
- 6: Understanding (how to investigate on your own)
- 7: Operating Systems with Brief History
- 8: Brief History of Popular Programs
- 9: Programming in any language
- 10: Parachute Person
- 11: Historical case studies in Engineering
- 12: Case Study on Nanotechnology
- 13: Student led case study in engineering
- 14: Fundamentals of Engineering
- 14.1: The importance of Units
- 14.2: Arithmetic
- 14.3: Geometry
- 14.4: Analytic Geometry
- 14.5: Scalars, vectors, and tensors
- 14.6: Calculus
- 14.7: Infinitesimal calculus for derivatives
- 14.8: Infinitesimal Calculus for integration
- 14.9: Statistics and Probability
- 14.10: Differential equations
- 14.11: Mechanics
- 14.12: Thermodynamics (Statistical Physics)
- 14.13: Electrical Circuits
- 14.14: Signals and Systems (Control systems)
- 14.15: Optics
- 14.16: Chemistry
- 15: Laboratory Project for Introduction to Engineering
- 16: Beyond the basics of computers
- 17: Documentation and such
- 18: Advanced Programming Concepts
- 19: Using Computers for Engineering and Science
- 20: Program Design Project
- 21: Ethics and Group Dynamics
- 22: Storage of tests of Libretext's ability
- Back Matter
- Introduction to Engineering
- Front Matter
- Chapters
- Chapter 00: How to use this textbook
- Chapter 01: Is it a bird? Is it a plane?
- Chapter 02: Engineers are Professionals
- Chapter 03: Units, Dimensions, and Conversions
- Chapter 04: Excel Basics
- Chapter 05: Creating Charts in Excel
- Chapter 06: Mathematical Models
- Chapter 07: Introduction to MATLAB
- Chapter 08: MATLAB Scripting and Arrays
- Chapter 09: Math Operations With Arrays
- 1.17: Example of Discussion Post
- 1.18: Example of Interactive Elements
- Chapter 10: MATLAB Plotting
- Chapter 11: Relational and Logical Operators
- Chapter 12: Thinking Algorithmically
- Chapter 13: MATLAB Decisions
- Chapter 14: MATLAB Loops
- Chapter 15: User Defined Functions
- Chapter 16: Technical Presentations
- Back Matter
- Basic Engineering Science - A Systems, Accounting, and Modeling Approach (Richards)
- Aerospace Engineering
- Aerodynamics and Aircraft Performance 3e (Marchman)
- Front Matter
- 1: Introduction to Aerodynamics
- 2: Propulsion
- 3: Additional Aerodynamics Tools
- 4: Performance in Straight and Level Flight
- 5: Altitude Change - Climb and Guide
- 6: Range and Endurance
- 7: Accelerated Performance - Takeoff and Landing
- 8: Accelerated Performance - Turns
- 9: The Role of Performance in Aircraft Design - Constraint Analysis
- 10: Appendix - Airfoil Data
- Back Matter
- Fundamentals of Aerospace Engineering (Arnedo)
- Front Matter
- 1: The Scope
- 2: Generalities
- 3: Aerodynamics
- 4: Aircraft structures
- 5: Aircraft instruments and systems
- 6: Aircraft propulsion
- 7: Mechanics of flight
- 7.1: Performances
- 7.1.1: Reference frames
- 7.1.2: Hypotheses
- 7.1.3: Aircraft equations of motion
- 7.1.4: Performances in a steady linear flight
- 7.1.5: Performances in steady ascent and descent flight
- 7.1.6: Performances in gliding
- 7.1.7: Performances in turn maneuvers
- 7.1.8: Performances in the runway
- 7.1.9: Range and endurance
- 7.1.10: Payload-range diagram
- 7.2: Stability and control
- 7.3: Problems
- 7.4: References
- 7.1: Performances
- 8: Air transportation
- 9: Airports
- 10: Air navigation- ATM
- 11: Air navigation- CNS
- 12: 6-DOF Equations of Motion
- 13: Hands-on Laboratories
- Back Matter
- Aerodynamics and Aircraft Performance 3e (Marchman)
- Biological Engineering
- Bio-Inspired Sensory Systems (Brooks)
- Alternative Fuels from Biomass Sources (Toraman)
- Front Matter
- 1: Why Alternative Fuels from Biomass?
- 2: Existing Fossil Fuel Technologies for Transportation
- 3: Electricity Generation 101
- 4: Use of Biomass in Thermal Technologies
- 5: Biomass Pyrolysis and Pretreatment
- 6: General Ethanol Production
- 7: Processing to Produce Ethanol and Butanol from Carbohydrates and Enzymes
- 8: Thermochemical Methods to Produce Biofuels
- 8.1: Review of Refinery Processing and Chemical Structures for Jet Fuel and Diesel Fuel
- 8.2: Direction Liquefaction of Biomass
- 8.3: Bioprocessing to Make Jet Fuel
- 8.4: Natural Gas and Synthetic Natural Gas as Feedstocks for Liquid Fuels
- 8.5: Fischer-Tropsch Process to Generate Liquid Fuels
- 8.6: Assignments
- 8.7: Summary and Final Tasks
- 9: Biodiesel Production
- 10: Algae as a Source for Fuels
- 11: Economics of Biomass Production – Ethanol, Butanol, and Biodiesel
- 12: Additional Processes for Fuels from Biomass
- Back Matter
- Introduction to Biosystems Engineering (Holden et al.)
- Food and the Future Environment (Karsten and Vanek)
- Front Matter
- 1: Introduction
- 1: Introduction
- 1.1: The Future of Food- Course Overview
- 1.1.1: 1 Food, Society, and the Environment- Coupled Human-Natural Systems
- 1.1.2: 2 Guided Introductory Reading- Why Environment and Food?
- 1.1.3: 3 Drastic Impacts of Food Production on Planet Earth- The Anthropocene
- 1.1.4: 4 Sustainability- Environments, Communities, and Economics
- 1.1.5: 5 Increasing Interest in Food Systems and Sustainability
- 1.1.6: Formative Assessment- Environment and Food Issues
- 1.2: Food Systems Combine Natural and Human Systems
- 1.2.1: 1 The Systems Concept
- 1.2.2: 2 Complex Systems Behavior- An Example from India
- 1.2.3: 3 Food Systems as Human-Natural Systems
- 1.2.4: Summative Assessment- Concept Mapping and Assessment of Food Systems
- 1.2.4.1: 1. Pennsylvania Dairy Sector- National to Global Scale - Option 1
- 1.2.4.2: 2. Colorado Feedlot Beef Production- National to Global - Option 2
- 1.2.4.3: 3. Asparagus Production in Peru- National to Global - Option 3
- 1.2.4.4: 4. New York City Green Markets- Local to Regional - Option 1
- 1.2.4.5: 5. Diversified Smallholder Production in the Peruvian Andes- Local to Regional - Option 2
- 1.3: Summary and Final Tasks
- 1.1: The Future of Food- Course Overview
- 2: Capstone Project Overview
- 3: Geographic and Historical Context
- 3.1: Origin of Farming as Coevolution and Coupled Human-Nature Interactions
- 3.1.1: 1 Early Hunter-Gatherer Modifications of Environment for Food
- 3.1.2: 2 The Nature and Timing of Agricultural Domestication- Global Patterns
- 3.1.3: 3 Geographical Sites and Ecological Components of Agricultural Domestication
- 3.1.4: 4 Explaining Domestication using Coupled Human-Natural Systems (CHNS)
- 3.2: Historical Development and Change in Food Systems
- 3.2.1: 1 From the Origins of Agriculture to Challenges and Opportunities for the Future of Food
- 3.2.2: 2 Period 1- Domestication, Early Farming, and Widespread Impacts (10,000 BP - 4,000 BP)
- 3.2.3: 3 Period 2- Independent States, World Trade, and Global Colonial Empires (3,000 BP - 1800/1900 CE)
- 3.2.4: 4 Period 3- Modern Industrial Agriculture (1800/1900 CE - Present)
- 3.2.5: 5 Period 4- Sustainability Movements Towards the Future of Food- Quasi-Parallel Ecological Modernization and Alternative Food Networks (2000-Present)
- 3.2.6: Summative Assessment- Drivers and Feedbacks in the Development of Food Systems
- 3.3: Summary and Final Tasks
- 3.1: Origin of Farming as Coevolution and Coupled Human-Nature Interactions
- 4: Diet and Nutrition
- 4.1: Diet and Nutrition Basics for Global Food Systems
- 4.1.1: 1 Energy Sources in Foods- Carbohydrates, Fat, and Protein
- 4.1.2: 2 Protein and Amino Acids- Building Blocks
- 4.1.3: 3 Vitamins and Minerals- Growth, Illness Prevention, and Proper Function
- 4.1.4: 4 High-Quality Fats and Shifting Paradigms Around Fat in Diets
- 4.1.5: 5 Dietary Fiber and Microbes in the Human Gut
- 4.1.6: Formative Assessment- Using a Diet Assessment Tool
- 4.2: Food System Issues for Nutrition
- 4.2.1: 1 Malnutrition (Undernutrition) Among Poor and Vulnerable Populations
- 4.2.2: 2 "Diseases of Affluence"- Not Just for the Affluent
- 4.2.3: 3 Human System Factors in Nutrition- Challenges in the Globalized Food System
- 4.2.4: 4 Local and Alternative/Organic Foods and Food System Challenges
- 4.2.5: 5 The "Happy Medium" in Nutrition and Diets
- 4.3: Summary and Final Tasks
- 4.4: Summative Assessment- Food Access and Food Deserts
- 4.1: Diet and Nutrition Basics for Global Food Systems
- 1: Introduction
- 2: Environmental Dynamics and Drivers
- 5: Food and Water
- 6: Soils as a Key Resource for Food Systems
- 6.1: Soil Basics
- 6.2: Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus- Human Management of Key Nutrients
- 6.2.1: What is Nutrient Cycling?
- 6.2.2: Soil Depletion and Regeneration- Human Management of Nutrients in Soils
- 6.2.3: Depletion and Regeneration of Soil Organic Matter
- 6.2.4: The Nitrogen Cycle and Human Management of Soils
- 6.2.5: The Phosphorus Cycle and Human Management of Soils
- 6.2.6: Soil Nutrients- Human Systems Aspects
- 6.3: Summary and Final Tasks
- 6.4: Summative Assessment- N and P Balances
- 7: Crops
- 8: Capstone Project Stage 2 Assignment
- 3: Systems Approaches to Managing our Food Systems
- 9: Soils and a Systems Approach to Soil Quality
- 10: Pests and Integrated Pest Management
- 10.1: Insects and Integrated Pest Management
- 10.2: Weeds, Transgenic Crops for Pest Management, and Pathogens
- 10.2.1: 1 Weeds
- 10.2.2: 2 Weed Survival Characteristics
- 10.2.3: 3 Herbicide Resistance
- 10.2.4: 4 Transgenic Crops for Pest Control
- 10.2.5: 5 Insect Resistant Bt Crops
- 10.2.6: 6 Herbicide Resistant Crops
- 10.2.7: 7 Plant Pathogens
- 10.2.8: Summative Assessment- Herbicide Resistant Weed Interpretation and Management of Multiple Pest Types
- 10.3: Summary and Final Tasks
- 11: Food and Climate Change
- 12: Capstone Project Stage 3 Assignment
- 4: Food Systems and Sustainability
- 13: Food Systems
- 13.1: Food Systems
- 13.1.1: Introductory Video on Food Systems
- 13.1.2: Food Systems- Environments, Production, Distribution, and Household Utilization of Food
- 13.1.3: Spatial Scale and Typologies of Food Systems
- 13.1.4: The Globalized Corporate Food System
- 13.1.5: Smallholder Farmer Food Systems
- 13.1.6: Alternative Food Systems- Global and Local Variants
- 13.1.7: Challenges to Producers- Sustainability and "Poverty Traps"
- 13.1.8: Challenges to Producers- Sustainability and "Agriculture of the Middle" in Globalized Food System
- 13.1.9: Food Systems as Coupled Natural-Human Systems
- 13.1.10: Divergence and Transition of Food Systems- Human-Natural Interactions
- 13.2: Assessing Food System Impacts on Natural Systems and Sustainability
- 13.2.1: Earth System Impacts and Energy Use by the Food System
- 13.2.2: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)- Measuring the Impacts of Systems in Multi-part Processes
- 13.2.3: Using LCAs, Part One- Comparing Costs and Impacts
- 13.2.4: Using LCAs, Part Two- Assessing Hot Spots
- 13.2.5: Summative Assessment- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Energy Use in Potato Production in Smallholder Andean and North American Production Systems
- 13.3: Summary and Final Tasks
- 13.1: Food Systems
- 14: Human-Environment Interactions
- 14.1: Resilience, Adaptive Capacity, and Vulnerability (RACV)- Agrobiodiversity and Seed Systems
- 14.2: Food Access and Food Insecurity
- 14.2.1: Introduction to Food Access, Food Security, and Food-Insecure Conditions
- 14.2.2: Global Overview of Food Insecurity- Food Deficit Map and Required Readings
- 14.2.3: Food Shortages, Chronic Malnutrition, and Famine- Coupled Human-Natural Systems Aspects
- 14.2.4: Summative Assessment- Anatomy of a Somali Famine (2010-2012)
- 14.3: Summary and Final Tasks
- 15: Capstone Project Stage 4 Assignment
- 16: Capstone Project Stage 5
- 13: Food Systems
- Back Matter
- Chemical Engineering
- Supplemental Modules (Chemical Engineering)
- Phase Relations in Reservoir Engineering (Adewumi)
- Front Matter
- 1: Introduction and Purpose
- 2: Phase Diagrams I
- 3: Phase Diagrams II
- 4: Phase Diagrams III
- 5: Phase Diagrams IV
- 6: PT Behavior and Equations of State (EOS) I
- 7: PT Behavior and Equations of State (EOS) II
- 8: PT Behavior and Equations of State III
- 9: Cubic EOS and Their Behavior I
- 10: Cubic EOS and Their Behavior II
- 11: Cubic EOS and Their Behavior III
- 12: Elementary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium I
- 13: Elementary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium II
- 14: Thermodynamic Tools I
- 15: Thermodynamic Tools II
- 16: Thermodynamic Tools III
- 17: Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium via EOS
- 18: Properties of Natural Gas and Condensates I
- 19: Properties of Natural Gas and Condensates II
- 20: Engineering Applications I
- 21: Engineering Applications II
- Back Matter
- Distillation Science (Coleman)
- Chemical Engineering Separations: A Handbook for Students (Lamm and Jarboe)
- Foundations of Chemical and Biological Engineering I (Verret, Qiao, Barghout)
- Front Matter
- 1: Introduction to Chemical Processes and Process Diagrams
- 1.1: Project Scoping
- 1.2: Basic Economic Analysis
- 1.3: Introduction to Flowsheeting
- 1.4: Input-Output Diagrams
- 1.5: Block Flow Diagrams
- 1.6: Unit Operations and Material Balances
- 1.7: Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)
- 1.8: Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (PandIDs)
- 1.9: Introduction to Chemical Processes and Process Diagrams Review
- 1.10: Practice Exercises
- 2: Reaction Chemistry
- 2.1: Definitions of Reaction Rate and Extent of Reactions
- 2.2: Reaction Rate Law
- 2.3: Reaction Order
- 2.4: Integrated Rate Laws
- 2.5: Equilibrium Reactions
- 2.6: Arrhenius Equation
- 2.7: Reaction Mechanisms - Elementary Reactions
- 2.8: Steady-State Approximation
- 2.9: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control
- 2.10: Reaction Chemistry Chapter Review
- 2.11: Practice Exercises
- 3: Phase Equilibrium
- 3.1: Pressure Definition; Absolute and Gauge Pressure
- 3.2: Temperature
- 3.3: Intensive and Extensive Variables
- 3.4: Phase Diagram
- 3.5: Gibb's Phase Rule
- 3.6: Ideal Gas Properties
- 3.7: Estimating Vapour Pressure
- 3.8: Multicomponent Equilibrium
- 3.9: Txy Diagram
- 3.10: Pxy Diagram
- 3.11: Phase Equilibrium Chapter Review
- 3.12: Practice Exercises
- 4: Energy Balances
- 5: Unsteady-state Operations and Process Control
- 6: Process Economics
- 7: Green Engineering
- 8: Process Safety
- 9: Appendices
- 9.1: Appendix- Excel Solver Guide
- 9.2: Appendix- Excel Iteration Guide
- 9.3: Appendix- Finding Chemical Pricing Data
- 9.4: Appendix- Finding Chemical Property Data on NIST
- 9.5: Appendix- Finding Chemical Properties Using EPI Suite
- 9.6: Appendix- Resources for Building PFDs and PandIDs
- 9.7: Appendix- Scholarly Societies Relevant to CHBE/CHML Students
- Back Matter
- Civil Engineering
- Structural Analysis (Udoeyo)
- Front Matter
- Chapters
- Front Matter
- 1.1: Introduction to Structural Analysis
- 1.2: Structural Loads and Loading System
- 1.3: Equilibrium Structures, Support Reactions, Determinacy and Stability of Beams and Frames
- 1.4: Internal Forces in Beams and Frames
- 1.5: Internal Forces in Plane Trusses
- 1.6: Arches and Cables
- 1.7: Deflection of Beams- Geometric Methods
- 1.8: Deflections of Structures- Work-Energy Methods
- 1.9: Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures
- 1.10: Force Method of Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
- 1.11: Slope-Deflection Method of Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
- 1.12: Moment Distribution Method of Analysis of Structures
- 1.13: Influence Lines for Statically Indeterminate Structures
- Back Matter
- Back Matter
- Book: Building Information - Representation and Management - Fundamentals and Principles (Koutamanis)
- Fundamentals of Transportation
- Book: Introduction to Design Equity (Miller)
- Front Matter
- Chapters
- Front Matter
- 1.1: Introduction
- 1.2: Learning to Talk about Racism
- 1.3: Why History Matters to Design Equity
- 1.4: Health Equity and the Built Environment
- 1.5: Transportation Equity
- 1.6: Information Equity
- 1.7: What is Design Thinking and What does it have to do with Equity?
- 1.8: Discipline-Specific Professional Design Processes and Equity
- Back Matter
- Back Matter
- Book: The Delft Sand, Clay and Rock Cutting Model (Miedema)
- Front Matter
- 1: Introduction
- 2: Basic Soil Mechanics
- 3: The General Cutting Process
- 4: Which Cutting Mechanism for Which Kind of Soil?
- 5: Dry Sand Cutting
- 6: Saturated Sand Cutting
- 6.1: Introduction
- 6.2: Definitions
- 6.3: Cutting Theory Literature
- 6.4: The Equilibrium of Forces
- 6.5: Determination of the Pore Pressures
- 6.6: Numerical Water Pore Pressure Calculations
- 6.7: The Blade Tip Problem
- 6.8: Analytical and Numerical Water Pore Pressure Calculations
- 6.9: Determination of the Shear Angle β
- 6.10: The Coefficients a1 and a2
- 6.11: Determination of the Coefficients c1, c2, d1 and d2
- 6.12: Specific Cutting Energy
- 6.13: Experiments
- 6.14: General Conclusions
- 6.15: The Snow Plough Effect
- 6.16: Nomenclature
- 7: Clay Cutting
- 8: Rock Cutting- Atmospheric Conditions
- 8.1: Introduction
- 8.2: Cutting Process and Failure Criteria
- 8.3: Cutting Models
- 8.4: The Flow Type (Based on the Merchant Model)
- 8.5: Determining the Angle β
- 8.6: The Shear Type, Tear Type and the Chip Type
- 8.7: Correction on the Tear Type and the Chip Type
- 8.8: Specific Energy
- 8.9: Resulting Forces and Mohr Circles
- 8.10: Example
- 8.11: Nomenclature
- 9: Rock Cutting- Hyperbaric Conditions
- 10: The Occurrence of a Wedge
- 11: A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting
- 12: A Wedge in Saturated Sand Cutting
- 13: A Wedge in Clay Cutting
- 14: A Wedge in Atmospheric Rock Cutting
- 15: A Wedge in Hyperbaric Rock Cutting
- 16: Exercises
- 16.1: Introduction
- 16.2: Chapter2- Basic Soil Mechanics
- 16.3: Chapter 3- The General Cutting Process
- 16.4: Chapter 4- Which Cutting Mechanism for Which Kind of Soil
- 16.5: Chapter 5- Dry Sand Cutting
- 16.6: Chapter 6- Water Saturated Sand Cutting
- 16.7: Chapter 7- Clay Cutting
- 16.8: Chapter 8- Atmospheric Rock Cutting
- 16.9: Chapter 9- Hyperbaric Rock Cutting
- 17: Appendices
- 17.1: Appendix A- Active and Passive Soil Failure Coefficients
- 17.2: Appendix B- Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients
- 17.3: Appendix C- Dimensionless Pore Pressures p1m and p2m
- 17.4: Appendix D- The Shear Angle β Non-Cavitating
- 17.5: Appendix E- The Coefficient c1
- 17.6: Appendix F- The Coefficient c2
- 17.7: Appendix G- The Coefficient a1
- 17.8: Appendix H- The Shear Angle β Cavitating
- 17.9: Appendix I- The Coefficient d1
- 17.10: Appendix J- The Coefficient d2
- 17.11: Appendix K- The Properties of the 200 μm Sand
- 17.12: Appendix L- The Properties of the 105 μm Sand
- 17.13: Appendix M- Experiments in Water Saturated Sand
- 17.14: Appendix N- The Snow Plough Effect
- 17.15: Appendix O- Specific Energy in Sand
- 17.16: Appendix P- Occurrence of a Wedge, Non-Cavitating
- 17.17: Appendix Q- Occurrence of a Wedge, Cavitating
- 17.18: Appendix R- Pore Pressures with Wedge
- 17.19: Appendix S- FEM Calculations with Wedge
- 17.20: Appendix T- Force Triangles
- 17.21: Appendix U- Specific Energy in Clay
- 17.22: Appendix V- Clay Cutting Charts
- 17.23: Appendix W- Rock Cutting Charts
- 17.24: Appendix X- Hyperbaric Rock Cutting Charts
- 17.25: Appendix Y- Applications and Equipment
- 17.26: Appendix Z- Publications
- Back Matter
- Book: All Things Flow - Fluid Mechanics for the Natural Sciences (Smyth)
- Front Matter
- 1: Introduction
- 2: Review of Elementary Linear Algebra
- 3: Cartesian Vectors and Tensors
- 4: Tensor Calculus
- 5: Fluid Kinematics
- 6: Fluid Dynamics
- 6.1: The Leibniz rule
- 6.2: Mass conservation
- 6.3: Momentum conservation
- 6.4: Energy conservation in a Newtonian fluid
- 6.5: The temperature (heat) equation
- 6.6: Equations of state
- 6.7: The advection-diffusion equation for a scalar concentration
- 6.8: Summary: the equations of motion
- 6.9: Boundary conditions
- 6.10: Solution methods
- 7: Vortices
- 8: Waves
- 9: Nonlinear, Hydrostatic Flow Over Topography
- 10: Postface
- 11: Exercises
- 12: Appendix A- Taylor Series Expansions
- 13: Appendix B- Torque and the Moment of Inertia
- 14: Appendix C- Isotropic Tensors
- 15: Appendix D- The Leva-Cevita Alternating Tensor
- 16: Appendix E- Vector Identities
- 17: Appendix F- The Cauchy Stress Tensor
- 18: Appendix G- Boussinesq Approximation
- 19: Appendix H- Bernoulli's Equation
- 20: Appendix I- Vector Operations in Curvilinear Coordinates
- 21: Appendix J- The Stokes Drift
- Back Matter
- Book: Fluid Mechanics (Bar-Meir)
- Front Matter
- 1: Introduction to Fluids
- 2: Review of Thermodynamics
- 3: Review of Mechanics
- 4: Fluids Statics
- 4.1: Introduction
- 4.2: The Hydrostatic Equation
- 4.3: Pressure and Density in a Gravitational Field
- 4.4: Fluid in an Accelerated System
- 4.5: Fluid Forces on Surfaces
- 4.6: Buoyancy and Stability
- 4.7: Rayleigh–Taylor Instability
- 4.8: Qualitative questions
- 5: The Control Volume and Mass Conservation
- 6: Momentum Conservation for Control Volume
- 7: Energy Conservation
- 7.1: The First Law of Thermodynamics
- 7.2: Limitation of Integral Approach
- 7.3 Approximation of Energy Equation
- 7.4: Energy Equation in Accelerated System
- 7.5: Examples of Integral Energy Conservation
- 7.6: Qualitative Questions
- 8: Differential Analysis
- 9: Dimensional Analysis
- 10: Inviscid Flow or Potential Flow
- 11: Compressible Flow One Dimensional
- 11.1 What is Compressible Flow?
- 11.2 Why Compressible Flow is Important?
- 11.3 Speed of Sound
- 11.4 Isentropic Flow
- 11.5 Normal Shock
- 11.6 Qualitative questions
- 11.7 Isothermal Flow
- 11.7: Fanno Flow
- 11.8: The Table for Fanno Flow
- 11.9: Rayleigh Flow
- 12: Compressible Flow 2–Dimensional
- 12.1: Introduction
- 12.2: Oblique Shock
- 12.2.1: Solution of Mach Angle
- 12.2.2: When No Oblique Shock Exist or the case of \(D>0\)
- 12.2.2.1: Large deflection angle for given, \(M_1\)
- 12.2.2.2: The case of \(D\geq 0\) or \(0 \geq\delta\)
- 12.2.2.3: Upstream Mach Number, \(M_1\), and Shock Angle, \(\theta\)
- 12.2.2.4: Given Two Angles, \(\delta\) and \(\theta\)
- 12.2.2.5: Flow in a Semi–2D Shape
- 12.2.2.6: Close and Far Views of the Oblique Shock
- 12.2.2.7: Maximum Value of Oblique shock
- 12.2.2.8: Oblique Shock Examples
- 12.2.3: Application of Oblique Shock
- 12.3: Prandtl-Meyer Function
- 12.4: The Maximum Turning Angle
- 12.5: The Working Equations for the Prandtl-Meyer Function
- 12.6: d'Alembert's Paradox
- 12.7: Flat Body with an Angle of Attack
- 12.8: Examples For Prandtl–Meyer Function
- 12.9: Combination of the Oblique Shock and Isentropic Expansion
- 13: Multi–Phase Flow
- Back Matter
- Intermediate Fluid Mechanics (Liburdy)
- Book: Slurry Transport (Miedema)
- Front Matter
- 1: Introduction
- 2: Dimensionless Numbers and Other Parameters
- 3: Pressure Losses with Homogeneous Liquid Flow
- 3.1: Pipe Wall Shear Stress
- 3.2: The Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor
- 3.3: The Equivalent Liquid Model
- 3.4: Approximation of the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor
- 3.5: The Friction Velocity or Shear Velocity u*
- 3.6: The Thickness of the Viscous Sub Layer δv
- 3.7: The Smallest Eddies
- 3.8: The Relative or Apparent Viscosity
- 3.9: Nomenclature
- 4: The Terminal Settling Velocity of Particles
- 5: Initiation of Motion and Sediment Transport
- 6: Slurry Transport, a Historical Overview
- 6.1: Introduction
- 6.2: Early History
- 6.3: Empirical and Semi-Empirical Models
- 6.4: The Durand and Condolios (1952) School
- 6.5: The Newitt et al. (1955) Model
- 6.6: Silin, Kobernik and Asaulenko (1958) and (1962)
- 6.7: Graf et al. (1970) and Robinson (1971)
- 6.8: Yagi et al. (1972)
- 6.9: A.D. Thomas (1976) and (1979)
- 6.10: The Turian and Yuan (1977) Fit Model
- 6.11: Kazanskij (1978) and (1980)
- 6.12: The IHC-MTI (1998) Model for the Limit Deposit Velocity
- 6.13: Conclusions and Discussion Empirical and Semi-Empirical Models
- 6.14: Nomenclature Early History and Empirical and Semi-Empirical Models
- 6.15: Physical Models
- 6.16: The Wasp et al. (1963) Model
- 6.17: The Wilson-GIW (1979) Models
- 6.18: The Fuhrboter (1961) Model
- 6.19: The Jufin and Lopatin (1966) Model
- 6.20: Charles (1970) and Babcock (1970)
- 6.21: The Doron et al. (1987) and Doron and Barnea (1993) Model
- 6.22: The SRC Model
- 6.23: The Kaushal and Tomita (2002B) Model
- 6.24: The Matousek (2010), (2011) Model
- 6.25: Talmon (2011) and (2013) Homogeneous Regime
- 6.26: Conclusions and Discussion Physical Models
- 6.27: The Limit Deposit Velocity (LDV)
- 6.28: Inclined Pipes
- 6.29: Starting Points DHLLDV Framework
- 7: The Delft Head Loss and Limit Deposit Velocity Framework
- 7.1: Introduction
- 7.2: Flow Regimes and Scenario’s
- 7.3: A Head Loss Model for Fixed Bed Slurry Transport
- 7.4: A Head Loss Model for Sliding Bed Slurry Transport
- 7.5: A Head Loss Model for Heterogeneous Slurry Transport
- 7.6: A Head Loss Model for Homogeneous Slurry Transport
- 7.7: The Sliding Flow Regime
- 7.8: The Limit Deposit Velocity
- 7.9: The Slip Velocity
- 7.10: The Concentration Distribution
- 7.11: The Transition Heterogeneous vs. Homogeneous in Detail
- 7.12: The Bed Height
- 7.13: Influence of the Particle Size Distribution
- 7.14: Inclined Pipes
- 8: Usage of the DHLLDV Framework
- 8.1: Introduction
- 8.2: Default Equations Used In This Book
- 8.3: The Influence of Fines
- 8.4: The Fixed or Stationary Bed Regime
- 8.5: The Sliding Bed Regime
- 8.6: The Heterogeneous Transport Regime
- 8.7: The Homogeneous Transport Regime
- 8.8: The Transition Heterogeneous Regime - Homogeneous Regime
- 8.9: The Sliding Flow Regime
- 8.10: The Resulting Erhg Constant Spatial Volumetric Concentration Curve
- 8.11: Determining the Limit Deposit Velocity
- 8.12: Constructing the Transport Concentration Curves
- 8.13: The Bed Height
- 8.14: The Concentration Distribution
- 8.15: Graded Sands and Gravels
- 8.16: Inclined Pipes
- 8.17: Conclusions and Discussion
- 8.18: Nomenclature DHLLDV Framework
- 9: Comparison of the DHLLDV Framework with Other Models
- 10: Application of the Theory on a Cutter Suction Dredge
- 10.1: Head Loss Equation
- 10.2: The Limit Deposit Velocity
- 10.3: The Resulting Head Loss versus Mixture Flow Graph
- 10.4: The Relative Excess Hydraulic Gradient of Pump and Pipeline
- 10.5: A Segmented Pipeline System
- 10.6: Conclusions and Discussion
- 10.7: Nomenclature Application of the Theory on a Cutter Suction Dredge
- 11: Appendices
- Back Matter
- Structural Analysis (Udoeyo)
- Computer Science
- Programming and Computation Fundamentals
- Foundations of Computation (Critchlow and Eck)
- An Introduction to Ontology Engineering (Keet)
- Programming and Computation Fundamentals